A Political Companion to
Henry David Thoreau
POLITICAL COMPANIONS TO
GREAT AMERICAN AUTHORS
Series Editor: Patrick J. Deneen, Georgetown University
The Political Companions to Great American Authors series illuminates the complex political thought of the nations most celebrated writers from the founding era to the present. The goals of the series are to demonstrate how American political thought is understood and represented by great American writers and to describe how our politys understanding of fundamental principles such as democracy, equality, freedom, toleration, and fraternity has been influenced by these canonical authors.
The series features a broad spectrum of political theorists, philosophers, and literary critics and scholars whose work examines classic authors and seeks to explain their continuing influence on American political, social, intellectual, and cultural life. This series reappraises esteemed American authors and evaluates their writings as lasting works of art that continue to inform and guide the American democratic experiment.
A POLITICAL COMPANION TO
Henry David Thoreau
Edited by Jack Turner
Copyright 2009 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,
Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
www.kentuckypress.com
13 12 11 10 09 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A political companion to Henry David Thoreau / edited by Jack Turner.
p. cm. (Political companions to great American authors)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9780-8131-2478-0 (acid-free paper)
1. Thoreau, Henry David, 18171862Political and social views.
2. Politics and literatureUnited StatesHistory19th century.
I. Turner, Jack, 1975
PS3054.P65 2009
818'.309dc22
2009007427
This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting
The requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
| Member of the Association of American University Presses |
Contents
Jack Turner
Nancy L. Rosenblum
Brian Walker
Leigh Kathryn Jenco
Bob Pepperman Taylor
George Shulman
Jack Turner
Harry V. Jaffa
William Chaloupka
Susan McWilliams
Christopher A. Dustin
Jane Bennett
Thomas L. Dumm
Melissa Lane
Anthony J. Parel
Shannon L. Mariotti
Andrew Norris
Series Foreword
THOSE WHO UNDERTAKE A study of American political thought must attend to the great theorists, philosophers, and essayists. But such a study is incomplete, however, if it neglects American literature, one of the greatest repositories of the nations political thought and teachings.
Americas literature is distinctive because it is, above all, intended for a democratic citizenry. In contrast to eras when an author would aim to inform or influence a select aristocratic audience, in democratic times, public influence and education must resonate with a more expansive, less leisured, and diverse audience to be effective. The great works of Americas literary tradition are the natural locus of democratic political teaching. Invoking the interest and attention of citizens through the pleasures afforded by the literary form, many of Americas great thinkers sought to forge a democratic public philosophy with subtle and often challenging teachings that unfolded in narrative, plot, and character development. Perhaps more than any other nations literary tradition, American literature is ineluctably politicalshaped by democracy as much as it has in turn shaped democracy.
The Political Companions to Great American Authors series highlights the teachings of the great authors in Americas literary and belletristic tradition. An astute political interpretation of Americas literary tradition requires careful, patient, and attentive readers who approach the text with a view to understanding its underlying messages about citizenship and democracy. Essayists in this series approach the classic texts not with a hermeneutics of suspicion but with the curiosity of fellow citizens who believe that the great authors have something of value to teach their readers. The series brings together essays from varied approaches and viewpoints for the common purpose of elucidating the political teachings of the nations greatest authors for those seeking a better understanding of American democracy.
Patrick J. Deneen
Series Editor
Acknowledgments
I AM GRATEFUL TO Patrick J. Deneen and Stephen M. Wrinn for inviting me to edit this volume for the University Press of Kentuckys Political Companions to Great American Authors series. Their counsel and encouragement have been indispensable. Thanks to the authors of the previously published essays for letting me reprint their work and for modifying it to fit this volume. The authors of the newly commissioned essays completed their pieces on time, revised with good cheer, and were great fun to work with. Several anonymous reviewers pored over the original book proposal and first draft of the manuscript; their feedback significantly improved the volume. Candace Chaney, Linda Lotz, Ila McEntire, and Anne Dean Watkins provided excellent editorial assistance. Benjamin Gonzalez provided expert research assistance. Rachel Sanders helped with the index. The Department of Political Science at the University of Washington is a wonderful atmosphere for scholarly work. My mother, Chris Turner, and life partner, Jillian Cutler, positively inspirit everything I do.
Works like this one are intensely collaborative, and the editor can take credit for only a portion. Nevertheless, I dedicate my portion to the memory of Joyce Johnson (19112005). My great auntin both senses of the termshe was also my first teacher.
Acknowledgments for the reprinted works appear in the chapter endnotes.
Introduction: Thoreau as a
Political Thinker
Jack Turner
WRITER, NATURALIST, THEORIST of civil disobedience, and anti-slavery activist, Henry David Thoreau (18171862) both inspired and irritated audiences in his time, and the words he left behind both inspire and irritate readers today. Thoreaus inspiring quality derives from the eloquence of his call to live more intensely, to suck out all the marrow of life... to put to rout all that [is] not life... to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it prove[s] to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it... or if it [is] sublime, to know it by experience, and... give a true account of it.