Calvin F. Senning - Spain, Rumor, and Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Jacobean England: The Palatine Match, Cleves, and the Armada Scares of 1612-1613 and 1614

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Spain, Rumor, and Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Jacobean England

Geoffrey Parker has remarked that the Spanish Armada, though a disastrous defeat, was a considerable psychological success. Deep into the seventeenth century the specter of a returning armada haunted England. Twice in the middle of James Is reign alarms occurred. One grew out of the kings plan, opposed by Spain, to marry his daughter Elizabeth to the Calvinist elector of the Palatinate. The other derived from a rekindling of the disputed succession in the Cleves-Jlich duchies in the lower Rhineland, into which Spanish forces intervened militarily, while England suspected the formation of a large Spanish-led Catholic league, seemingly bent on invasion, which caused a few days of panic in London. Both scares were based on misinformation and rumor, worsened by longstanding English anxiety over Spanish designs and doubts about the loyalty of English Catholics, the persecution of whom intensified. The latter scare occasioned the appearance in London of a satirical print, long thought in England to be lost, of James holding the popes nose to the grindstone, but a copy sent to Madrid by the Spanish ambassador has survived, and, reproduced here, preserves what appears to be the oldest known example of English political satire in the print medium.

Calvin F. Senning retired as Professor of History from the University of Maine at Augusta in 1997. He previously worked as a contract historian with the War Department Historical Fund and taught at Nasson College.

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Spain, Rumor, and Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Jacobean England
The Palatine Match, Cleves, and the Armada Scares of 16121613 and 1614

Calvin F. Senning

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Research-in-Early-Modern-History/book-series/RREMH

Spain, Rumor, and Anti-Catholicism in Mid-Jacobean England

The Palatine Match, Cleves, and the Armada Scares of 16121613 and 1614

Calvin F. Senning

First published 2019
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2019 Taylor & Francis

The right of Calvin F. Senning to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this title has been requested

ISBN: 978-0-367-27191-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-29543-0 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC

.

Source: By permission of and The Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.

In memory of
Miriam

Contents

1. v
2. vi

FrontispieceKing James I (reigned 16031625). Engraving by Willem van de Passe (1597/981636/37). British Museum number 0,8.162.

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AAW	Archives of the Archbishop of Westminster, Westminster Diocesan Archives, London
AGRB, PA	Archives Gnrales du Royaume de Belgique, Brussels: Papiers dtat et de lAudience
AGS	Archivo General de Simancas, Simancas
Alph.	Alphabetical Series
APC	Acts of the Privy Council
BL	British Library, London
CLRO	Corporation of London Records Office, London
CSPV	Calendar of State Papers Venice
HHStA	Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv, Vienna
HMC	Historical Manuscripts Commission [Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts]
MSEL: CC	Milton S. Eisenhower Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore: Charles H. Carter Collection
N.S.	New Style
O.S.	Old Style
PRO	Public Record Office
RBPR	Real Biblioteca del Palacio Real, Madrid
STC	A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England 14751640, 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 3 vols. (London, 197691)
TNA	The National Archives, Kew, London

This study is an outgrowth of a research project first begun almost sixty years ago when a graduate student at the University of Alabama. From that time on, Anglo-Spanish relations in the reign of King James I have been my primary focus as an historian. Some three decades after leaving graduate school I had the opportunity to look more deeply into the incidents and circumstances that form the basis of the present inquiry and, with the support of a sabbatical leave from the duties of undergraduate teaching in 1992, and then the leisure afforded by retirement, greatly expanded the scope of research.

All dates, unless otherwise noted, are Old Style, except that the year is taken to begin on January 1.

All translations, unless otherwise indicated, are my own.

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