William Ll. Parry-Jones - The Trade in Lunacy: A Study of Private Madhouses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

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STUDIES IN SOCIAL HISTORY

THE TRADE IN LUNACY

THE TRADE IN LUNACY

A Study of Private Madhouses in England
in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries

W. Ll. PARRY-JONES

First published in 1972

This edition published in 2007 by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an inform a business

Transferred to Digital Printing 2010

1972 William LI. Parry-Jones

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors and copyright holders of the works reprinted in the Studies in Social History series. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals or organisations we have been unable to trace.

These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library

The Trade in Lunacy
ISBN 10: 0-415-41649-3 (volume)
ISBN10: 0-415-40266-2 (set)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-41649-8 (volume)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-40266-8 (set)

Routledge Library Editions: Studies in Social History

THE TRADE IN
LUNACY

A Study of Private Madhouses in England
in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

William LI. Parry-Jones

Lecturer in Psychiatry, University of Oxford
Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford

LONDON: Routledge & Kegan Paul

TORONTO: University of Toronto Press

First published 1972 in Great Britain by
Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited
and in Canada and the United States of America by
University of Toronto Press
Printed in Great Britain by
Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press), Ltd.
Bungay, Suffolk
Copyright William LI. Parry-Jones 1972
No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without permission from the
publisher, except for the quotation of brief
passages in criticism
RKP ISBN 0 7100 7051 9
UTP ISBN 0 8020 1830 0
UTP Microfiche ISBN 0 8020 0155 6

To my mother and father

Contents

Illustrations

Plates

Between pages 142 and 143

accordance with the Madhouse Act of 1828 (By permission of the Oxfordshire County Record Office, Oxford)

Figures

Tables

Acknowledgments

THIS study has involved the co-operation of a great many archivists and librarians throughout England and Wales. I acknowledge, with gratitude, their help, without which the location of many of the sources used in this book would not have been possible. In particular, I am grateful to Miss Marjorie Jones, formerly Assistant County Archivist at the Oxfordshire County Record Office, for her ready assistance. My thanks are due also to those who made available, for my inspection, material preserved in various private collections. I am grateful to Dr A. Barr, of the Oxford Regional Hospital Board, for his advice on the statistical aspects of the study and for making arrangements for the processing of data in his department.

I should like to thank Dr R. A. Hunter and Dr Ida Macalpine who put their extensive knowledge and insight at my disposal and who read the MS. in its early stages. A general acknowledgment is made to those who kindly gave permission for the reproduction of material in their possession, the details being given in the appropriate places in the book, Finally, I am deeply indebted to my wife for her unfailing help, encouragement and forbearance.

Abbreviations

B.H.Q.N.C.N.	Brislington House Quarterly News Centenary Number, 1906
B.M.	British Museum, London
Bod. Lib.	Bodleian Library, Oxford
C.L.	Commissioners in Lunacy
C.R.O.	County Record Office
H.C.	House of Commons
H.L.	House of Lords
H.P.D.	Hansard's Parliamentary Debates
J.H.C.	Journals of the House of Commons
J.H.L.	Journals of the House of Lords
M.C.L.	Metropolitan Commissioners in Lunacy
MSS.	Manuscripts
O.C.R.O.	Oxfordshire County Record Office
P.R.	Parliamentary Return
P.R.O.	Public Record Office, London
Publ. Lib.	Public Library
Q.S.	Quarter Sessions
R.C.P.L.	Royal College of Physicians, London
R.O.	Record Office
S.C.	Select Committee
S.C.H.L.	Select Committee of the House of Lords
U.C.N.W.	University College of North Wales, Bangor
V.M.	Visiting Magistrates

1

Introduction

A PRIVATE madhouse can be defined as a privately owned establishment for the reception and care of insane persons, conducted as a business proposition for the personal profit of the proprietor or proprietors. The history of such establishments in England and Wales can be traced for a period of over three and a half centuries, from the early seventeenth century up to the present day. In the course of their lifespan these institutions were referred to by a variety of terms, ranging from houses for lunatics, madhouses, private madhouses, private licensed houses to private asylums and finally, the mental nursing homes of the present century. Other types of institutions for the insane were referred to only rarely as madhouses.

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