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Martha Lampland - The Value of Labor: The Science of Commodification in Hungary, 1920-1956

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The Value of Labor: The Science of Commodification in Hungary, 1920-1956: summary, description and annotation

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At the heart of todays fierce political anger over income inequality is a feature of capitalism that Karl Marx famously obsessed over: the commodification of labor. Most of us think wage-labor economics is at odds with socialist thinking, but as Martha Lampland explains in this fascinating look at twentieth-century Hungary, there have been moments when such economics actually flourished under socialist regimes. Exploring the regions transition from a capitalist to a socialist systemand the economic science and practices that endured itshe sheds new light on the two most polarized ideologies of modern history.
Lampland trains her eye on the scientific claims of modern economic modeling, using Hungarys unique vantage point to show how theories, policies, and techniques for commodifying agrarian labor that were born in the capitalist era were adopted by the socialist regime as a scientifically designed wage system on cooperative farms. Paying attention to the specific historical circumstances of Hungary, she explores the ways economists and the abstract notions they traffic in can both shape and be shaped by local conditions, and she compellingly shows how labor can be commodified in the absence of a labor market. The result is a unique account of economic thought that unveils hidden but necessary continuities running through the turbulent twentieth century.

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The Value of Labor The Value of Labor The Science of Commodification in - photo 1
The Value of Labor
The Value of Labor
The Science of Commodification in Hungary, 19201956
MARTHA LAMPLAND
The University of Chicago Press
CHICAGO & LONDON
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London
2016 by The University of Chicago
All rights reserved. Published 2016.
Printed in the United States of America
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5
ISBN -13: 978-0-226-31460-0 (paper)
ISBN -13: 978-0-226-31474-7 (e-book)
DOI : 10.7208/chicago/9780226314747.001.0001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lampland, Martha, 1952 author.
Title: The value of labor : the science of commodification in Hungary, 19201956 / Martha Lampland.
Description: Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015049562 | ISBN 9780226314600 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780226314747 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH : CommodificationHungary. | HungaryEconomic conditions20th century. | AgricultureHungary.
Classification: LCC HD 8420.5 . L 357 2016 | DDC 331.01/30943909041dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049562
Picture 2This paper meets the requirements of ANSI / NISO Z 39.481992 (Permanence of Paper).
Contents
Hungarian law regarding archival materials, and common decency, require that the names of persons in government documents be redacted to protect their privacy. As a substitute, I have used the Hungarian shorthand for anonymity, X. Y. This regulation does not apply to public figures.
Unless otherwise indicated, all the participants in this history have Hungarian names. Many names appear to be German, for example, but I make a point of identifying German citizens separately in the text.
All translations appearing in the text are my own, unless otherwise indicated.
EK
llami Ellenrz Kzpont
State Auditing Center
VH
llamvdelmi Hivatal
Office of State Security
DFOSZ
Dolgoz Parasztok s Fldmunksok Orszgos Szvetsge
National Union of Working Peasants and Agrarian Workers
DISZ
Dolgoz Ifjsg Szvetsge
Union of Working Youth, the youth arm of the Communist Party
EMSZO
Egyhzkzsgi Munksszakosztlyok
Parish Workers Departments
FKOSZ
Fldmunksok s Kisbirtokosok Orszgos Szvetsge
National Union of Agrarian Workers and Smallholders
FKgP
Fggetlen Kisgazdaprt
Smallholders Party
FM
Fldmvelsi Minisztrium
Ministry of Agriculture
GF
Gazdasgi Ftancs
Economic Supreme Council
ha
hectare
ILO
International Labor Organization
KALOT
Katolikus Agrrifjsgi Legnyegyletek Orszgos Testlet
National Boy of Catholic Agrarian Youth Mens Groups
kh
katasztrlis hold
cadastral acre (0.56 ha; 1.42 acres)
KTI
Kzgazdasg-tudomny Intzet
Institute for Economic Science (19511954)
Kzgazdasgtudomnyi Intzet
Institute of Economics (1954)
MDP
Magyar Dolgozk Prtja
Hungarian Workers Party (19481956)
MP
Magyar let Prt
Hungarian Life Party
MGI
Magyar Gazdasgkutat Intzet
Institute for Research on the Hungarian Economy
MGOE
Magyar Gazdatisztek Orszgos Egyeslete
National Association of Hungarian Farm Managers
MKP
Magyar Kommunista Prt
Hungarian Communist Party (19441948)
MMI
Mezgazdasgi Munkatudomnyi Intzet
Agricultural Work Science Institute
NPP
Nemzeti Parasztprt
National Peasant Party
OMB
Orszgos Munkabrllapt Bizottsg
National Committee to Set Wages
OMGE
Orszgos Magyar Gazdasgi Egyeslete
National Hungarian Agricultural Association
OMKD
Orszgos Magyar Katolikus Dikszvetsg
(also known as Emericana szeniora)
National Hungarian Catholic Student Association
OMMB
Orszgos Mezgazdasgi Munkabrmegallapt Bizottsg
National Committee to Set Agriculture Wages
PIL
Politikatudomnyi Intzet Levltra
Archive of the Political Sciences Institute
SZDP
Szocildemokrata Prt
Social Democratic Party
SZOT
Szakszervezetek Orszgos Tancsa
National Council of Trade Unions
UFOSZ
Ujonnan Fldhz Juttatottak Orszgos Szvetsge
National Union of New Landowners
ad adpeng . tax peng certificates used as currency
adpeng . tax peng
beszolgltats. requisition or forced delivery of goods to the state
bettpeng . deposit peng
Betriebswirtschaft. firm studies, industrial engineering, business economics
cseld. servant; manorial servant if employed at a manorial estate
bersg. vigilance
egyenlsdi. egalitarian
egyke. only child
fegyelem. discipline
fejadag. per capita grain rations
fekete reakci. black reactionaries, specifically the priesthood
fiskola. technical college
forint. florin; currency as of 1946
gazdaknyv. farmers book, designed for stewards at manorial estates
gazdakznsg. the farming community
gazdapeng . farmers peng
Gazdasgi Ftancs. Economic Supreme Council
Gazdasgi Lapok. Agricultural Papers
gazdasgi rendrsg. police for economic transactions
gazdatiszt. estate manager, farm steward
gazdatitkr. farm advisor
Hajd-Bihar Nplap. Peoples Newspaper of Hajd-Bihar County
hangulatjelents. mood report
hztji. house plots
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