Richard Borkow - George Washingtons Westchester Gamble: The Encampment on the Hudson & the Trapping of Cornwallis

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Just when it seemed that the subject of the American Revolution had been thoroughly explored, Richard Borkow has given us a fresh look at the wars culminating eventthe 1781 march of French and American troops to Virginia.

Joseph Wheelan, author of Jeffersons War: Americas First War on Terror, 18011805, and Mr. Adamss Last Crusade: John Quincy Adamss Extraordinary Post-Presidential Life in Congress

Dobbs Ferry Road to Freedom Walk, August 19, 2007, led by Hugh Francis, reenacting George Washington on horseback. Copyright by Anne Marie Leone. 2007; published by permission.

Published by The History Press

Charleston, SC 29403

www.historypress.net

Copyright 2011 by Richard Borkow

All rights reserved

Front cover: Detail from Redoubt, Dobbs Ferry, Jasper F. Cropsey, 1892. Collection of the Newington-Cropsey Foundation.

First published 2011

e-book edition 2013

Manufactured in the United States

ISBN 978.1.62584.213.8

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Borkow, Richard.

George Washingtons Westchester gamble : the encampment on the Hudson and the trapping of Cornwallis / Richard Borkow.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

print edition ISBN 978-1-60949-039-3

1. New York (State)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Campaigns. 2. United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Campaigns. 3. Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.)--History, Military--18th century. 4. Washington, George, 1732-1799--Military leadership. I. Title.

E230.5.N4B67 2011

974.703--dc22

2011009604

Notice: The information in this book is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. It is offered without guarantee on the part of the author or The History Press. The author and The History Press disclaim all liability in connection with the use of this book.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form whatsoever without prior written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

This book is dedicated to the memory of the late Senator Craig Thomas of Wyoming, with gratitude to him for his commitment to a faithful account of the Washington-Rochambeau National Historic Trail.

I have pondered over the toils that were endured by the officers and soldiers of the army who achievedindependence.

I have often inquired of myself, what great principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so long together.

It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future timethat in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and that all should have an equal chance.

Abraham Lincoln, at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, February 22, 1861

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The gathering of the material for George Washingtons Westchester Gamble has been part of an effort, now in its sixth year, to collect historical information about the remarkable events that occurred in Dobbs Ferry and neighboring localities in Westchester County, New York, during the Revolutionary War and to make that information available to the general public.

Markers along the way have included the annual celebrations, since 2006, of Dobbs Ferrys Road to Freedom Day, the 2009 publication of George Washington at Head Quarters, Dobbs Ferry, by Dr. Mary Sudman Donovan and the posting on YouTube of Notable Historians Reveal Dobbs Ferrys Historic River Connections, a video interview project sponsored by the New York Council for the Humanities. Other markers have included efforts to ensure historically accurate representation for Dobbs Ferry and neighboring localities in educational material about the Washington-Rochambeau National Historical Trail and the July 25, 2009 ceremony in Dobbs Ferry, sponsored by the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, to welcome French Ambassador Pierre Vimont and to celebrate passage of the legislation that created the Washington-Rochambeau National Historical Trail.

The backing from public officials and from the community as a whole on behalf of these endeavors has been amazing and truly gratifying. Special acknowledgment is due to Dobbs Ferrys representatives in Congress, and my heartfelt thanks go to Congresswoman Nita Lowey, whose commitment to integrity and unstinting support have been magnificent and whose generous assistance is deeply appreciated, and to Congressman Eliot Engel, whose help during the legislative process was extremely timely and invaluable.

Many thanks to Town of Greenburgh Supervisor Paul Feiner, who has a deep interest in the history of Greenburgh and who has been constantly encouraging and supportive. Assemblyman Tom Abinanti and Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins have been very much involved in our programs and have rendered important assistance at the county and state levels. Dobbs Ferry Mayor Hartley Connett and former Dobbs Ferry Mayors Scott Seskin and Joseph Bova have been key players and strong supporters at all the critical junctures, as have all the trustees of the Village of Dobbs Ferry. It has been a pleasure and an honor to have their bipartisan backing. I am obliged to village trustees David Koenigsberg and the late Larry Dengler, both also historical society trustees, and both of whom, from the start of this effort in 2006, again and again offered help in multiple ways.

The very existence of this historical program is a tribute to the unflagging energy and enthusiasm of all the trustees of the Dobbs Ferry Historical Society, and I am eternally indebted to them for what they have done. The trustees of the historical society initiated Road to Freedom Day, and the success and fun of our pageantry and celebrations are due to them.

Historians David Hackett Fischer and Thomas Fleming have made significant contributions to this project. It has been an enormous benefit to be able to rely on their expertise, which they have generously offered. I have been fortunate in my contacts and discussions with other historians as well, including Barnet Schecter, Joseph Wheelan, James Johnson and Robert Selig, and I thank them for sharing their thoughts with me and for their kind suggestions. The highly capable staff at the Westchester County Archives in Elmsford, New York, have also provided invaluable guidance, for which I am very grateful.

Throughout the process of writing George Washingtons Westchester Gamble I have had the great advantage of working with Whitney Tarella, my editor at The History Press. It has been an extremely enjoyable relationship, and Whitneys excellent advice has rescued me more than once! My copyeditor at The History Press, Hilary McCullough, has added insightful recommendations and shepherded me expertly through the final stages of manuscript preparation.

I am very grateful to all the persons mentioned above. But the guidance given by one individual, my life partner, Linda Borkow, stands out most of all. This project really belongs as much to her as to me, and I can never adequately express my appreciation to her for her constant dedication. It simply would have been impossible to proceed without her insight, her encouragement and her love.

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