Nicholas Orme - The History of Englands Cathedrals

The History

of

Englands Cathedrals

In memoriam

Ernest W. Plowright

William A. K. Hussey

John A. Thurmer

The History

of

Englands Cathedrals

NICHOLAS ORME

First published 2017

by Impress Books Ltd

Innovation Centre, Rennes Drive, University of Exeter Campus, Exeter EX4 4RN

Nicholas Orme 2017

The right of the author to be identified as the originator of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 9781907605987 (hbk)

ISBN: 9781907605925 (pbk)

eISBN: 9781907605932 (ebk)

Typeset in Dante MT by Swales and Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon

Printed and bound in England by Short Run Press, Exeter, Devon

Contents

Lichfield Cathedral, the west front

Lincoln Cathedral from the castle, c .1836, by T. Allom and F. J. Havell

Lindisfarne Gospels, opening page of the Gospel of Matthew (British Library, Cotton MS Nero D.IV, f. 26v)

English cathedrals to 800

The island of Lindisfarne

A cripple praying at the tomb of St Cuthbert, c .11751200 (British Library, Yates Thompson MS 26, f. 79r)

English cathedrals 9001066

Durham Cathedral, c .1800, by Edward Dayes

A secular clerk and woman, from the Bayeux Tapestry

St Dunstan kneeling before the figure of Christ (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. F 4.32, f. 1r)

Canterbury Cathedral, plan

Winchester Cathedral, plan

North Elmham, Norfolk

Lichfield Cathedral, the Lichfield Angel

Old Sarum, with the outline of the Norman cathedral

Canterbury Cathedral c .1905, by Charles Edwin Flower

The lands and churches of Exeter Cathedral

English and Welsh cathedrals c .10751538

Rochester Cathedral c .1906, by Charles Edwin Flower

Durham Cathedral, plan

Wells Cathedral, the west front

Salisbury Cathedral, plan

Salisbury Cathedral, the choir

The murder of Thomas Becket, nave vault, Exeter Cathedral

Chaucers pilgrims riding out of Canterbury (British Library, Royal MS 18 D.II, f. 148r)

Ely Cathedral, the octagon 17967, by J. M. W. Turner

Norwich Cathedral, the Ethelred Gate c .1925, by Albert Robert Quinton

Wells Cathedral, the gate of the Vicars Close c .1830, by W. H. Bartlett and J. Le Keux

Winchester Cathedral, the chantry chapel and tomb of William Wykeham (John Britton, Cathedral Antiquities , 5 vols (London, 1836), iii, Winchester plate 16)

Exeter Cathedral, plan

Exeter Cathedral, tomb of Walter Stapledon, died 1326

York Minster, the chapter house

St Augustine, On the Assumption , owned by Canon Roger Waltham (University of Glasgow Library, MS Hunter 231 (U.3.4), p. 36)

Hereford Cathedral, Mappa Mundi , detail of British Isles

York Minster, St William window, pilgrims venerating the relics of St William

Bath Abbey, formerly the cathedral, 1796, by J. M. W. Turner

Exeter Cathedral, John Hookers plan of the cathedral Close, late sixteenth century (Exeter Cathedral Archives)

Peterborough Cathedral, north transept and towers, c .1906, by Arthur C. Payne

The Reformation of cathedrals 15381553

The Kings Bedpost, late sixteenth century (National Portrait Gallery)

Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford

Mary Tudor (National Portrait Gallery)

The burning of Chancellor John Cardmaker at Smithfield, 1555 (John Foxe, Acts and Monuments (London, John Day, 1583) [STC 11225], p. 1580)

Elizabeth I, c .1560 (National Portrait Gallery)

Exeter Cathedral, memorial to Matthew Godwin, 1586

Wells Cathedral, Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury and the vicars choral, late sixteenth century

Salisbury Cathedral, tomb of Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, died 1621

Old St Pauls Cathedral, the nave, c .1658, by Wenceslas Hollar (William Dugdale, The History of St Pauls Cathedral (London, 1658), p. 167)

William Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, c .16357, by Anthony Van Dyck (National Portrait Gallery)

Carlisle Cathedral, with the damaged remains of the nave

Dr J. Kings sermon at Old St Pauls in 1616, painted in 1624 (The Society of Antiquaries of London)

Exeter Cathedral, the pulpitum with the new organ of 1665

The Great Fire of London, 1666, Dutch school c .1675 (The Museum of London)

Sir Christopher Wren, c .1695, by Johann Closterman (National Portrait Gallery)

St Pauls Cathedral, plan

St Pauls Cathedral, service of thanksgiving with Queen Anne, 1706, by Robert Trevitt, 1710 (The Museum of London)

The River Thames on Lord Mayors Day, c .17478, by Canaletto (Nelahazeves Castle, Czech Republic)

Hereford Cathedral choir c .1841, from J. Merewether, A Statement of the Condition and Circumstances of the Cathedral Church of Hereford (Hereford and London, 1842)

Sir William Dugdale, 1658, engraving by Wenceslas Hollar (William Dugdale, The History of St Pauls Cathedral (London, 1658), frontispiece)

Hereford Cathedral, the ruins of the west end, 1786, by James Wathen

Hereford Cathedral, James Wyatts west end, c .1840

Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishops Grounds, 1823, by John Constable

Bristol Cathedral 1791, by J. M. W. Turner

Worcester Cathedral, 182738, by J. M. W. Turner

Durham Cathedral, tomb of Bishop Van Mildert, died 1836

New cathedrals 18361900

St Albans Abbey c .1905, by Sidney Gardner

Wells Cathedral, the nave and aisles in the 1820s (John Britton, Cathedral Antiquities , iv, Wells plate 8)

Truro from the Lemon Quay c .1905, by Henry Wimbush

Worcester Cathedral, George Gilbert Scotts choir screen

Exeter Cathedral, Scotts reredos, now in St Michaels church, Heavitree, Devon

Ripon Cathedral, souvenir postcard

The Mystery of Edwin Drood by Charles Dickens , original wrapper of serial issue, 1870

Canterbury Cathedral from the Green Court c .1925, by Alfred Robert Quinton

Westminster Cathedral

New cathedrals 19002000

Liverpool Anglican Cathedral

Church Street, Sheffield, c .1905 by Charles Edwin Flower

Frank Bennett, dean of Chester 192039 (Chester Cathedral)

St Pauls in the London Blitz, 1940, by Herbert Mason ( The Daily Mail )

King George VIs visit to Coventry Cathedral, 1940, by Fred Roe (Coventry Cathedral)

Bristol Cathedral, the first ordination of women priests in the Church of England, 1994

Coventry Cathedral, plan

Liverpool Metropolitan (Roman Catholic) Cathedral 245

Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, plan

Exeter Cathedral, the modern nave altar