Michael Burgan - Alis Knockout Punch: How a Photograph Stunned the Boxing World

basic legal rights, such as voting, freedom of speech and religion, and equal treatment under the lawsystem for choosing people who are forced by law to serve in the militarythe practice of including people of all races in schools and other public placesputting to death, often by hanging, by mob action and without legal authoritymember of an organized group of criminalseither of the two corners in a boxing ring not used by boxers between roundsuse of photography to capture events and persons in the newshatred or unfair treatment of people who belong to a certain social group, such as a race or religionpeople who finance or organize sporting events, such as boxing matchesthe act of separating people in schools and other public places based on their raceto practice boxingboxing victory in which the referee and judges do not all agree on who wonvictory in a boxing match that happens when the referee decides a fighter is too injured to keep fighting; the opponent is declared the winner

1. Denenberg, Barry. Ali: An American Champion. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2014.
2. Killcoyne, Hope Lourie, ed. The Civil Rights Era. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing/Rosen Educational Services, 2016.
3. Rice, Earle, Jr. The Vietnam War. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2015.

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1. Why did Muhammad Ali call the punch he threw in his second fight with Sonny Liston a phantom punch? Why did others give it that name for a different reason? (Key Ideas and Details)
2. How did white and managers sometimes treat black boxers unfairly? Do you think this still happens today? (Integration of Knowledge and Ideas)
3. What was the reaction among many whites when Cassius Clay changed his name and joined the Nation of Islam? What would be the reaction today to a similar action by a famous sports figure? (Craft and Structure)

1. AP Images. http://www.apimages.com/Home
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3. Bates, Karen Grigsby. Muhammad Ali And Malcolm X: A Broken Friendship, An Enduring Legacy. NPR Morning Edition. 25 Feb. 2016. 1 Aug. 2016. http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/02/25/467247668/muhammad-ali-and-malcolm-x-a-broken-friendship-an-enduring-legacy
4. Berkow, Ira. Joe Elsby Martin, 80, Muhammad Alis First Boxing Teacher. The New York Times. 17 Sept. 1996. 1 Aug. 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/17/sports/joe-elsby-martin-80-muhammad-ali-s-first-boxing-teacher.html
5. Bonesteel, Matt. Muhammad Ali almost didnt light the 1996 Olympic torch. The Washington Post. 21 May 2015. 1 Aug. 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2015/05/21/muhammad-ali-almost-didnt-light-the-1996-olympic-torch/
6. The Decisive Moment As Henri Cartier-Bresson Meant It. Fotografia Magazine. 1 April 2014. 1 Aug. 2016. http://fotografiamagazine.com/decisive-moment-henri-cartier-bresson/
7. Ezra, Michael. Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2009.
8. Gallender, Paul. Phantom PunchMystery Solved. Boxing. com. 25 May 2014. 1 Aug. 2016. http://www.boxing.com/phantom_punch_mystery_solved.html
9. Gesner, Tricia, of the Associated Press. Email interview. 3 May 2016.
10. Gregory, Sean. Why Muhammad Ali Matters to Everyone. Time. 4 June 2016. 18 Oct. 2016. http://time.com/3646214/muhammadali-dead-obituary/
11. Grimsley, Will. AP Was There: Ali-Liston Rematch. The Associated Press. 1 Aug. 2016. http://interactives.ap.org/2015/ali-liston-fight/
12. Harris, Aisha. Was There Really Mandingo Fighting, Like in Django Unchained?Slate. 24 Dec. 2012. 1 Aug. 2016. http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2012/12/24/django_unchained_mandingo_fighting_were_any_slaves_really_forced_to_fight.html
13. Hauser, Thomas. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York: Simon & Schuser, 1991.
14. Lipsyte, Robert. Clay Fails to Get Rings Annual Award. The New York Times. 28 Jan. 1967, p. 31.
15. Litsky, Frank. Floyd Patterson, Boxing Champion, Dies at 71. The New York Times. 11 May 2006. 1 Aug. 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/11/sports/othersports/11cnd-patterson.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2
16. Loverro, Thom. FBI suspected iconic 1964 Ali-Liston fight was rigged by mob.