Marian Van Der Klein - Maternalism Reconsidered: Motherhood, Welfare and Social Policy in the Twentieth Century

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Maternalism Reconsidered

International Studies in Social History

General Editor: Marcel van der Linden

International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam

Volume 1

Trade Unions, Immigration and Immigrants in Europe 19601993

Edited by Rinus Penninx and Judith Roosblad

Volume 2

Class and Other Identities

Edited by Lex Heerma van Voss and Marcel van der Linden

Volume 3

Rebellious Families

Edited by Jan Kok

Volume 4

Experiencing Wages

Edited by Peter Scholliers and Leonard Schwarz

Volume 5

The Imaginary Revolution

Michael Seidman

Volume 6

Revolution and Counterrevolution

Kevin Murphy

Volume 7

Miners and the State in the Ottoman Empire

Donald Quataert

Volume 8

Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction

Angel Smith

Volume 9

Sugarlandia Revisited

Edited by Ulbe Bosma, Juan Giusti-Cordero and G. Roger Knight

Volume 10

Alternative Exchanges

Edited by Laurence Fontaine

Volume 11

The Working Class in Modern Spain

Edited by Jos Piqueras and Vicent Sanz-Rozaln

Volume 12

Learning on the Shop Floor

Edited by Bert De Munck, Steven L. Kaplan and Hugo Soly

Volume 13

Unruly Masses

Wolfgang Maderthaner and Lutz Musner

Volume 14

Central European Crossroads

Pieter C. van Duin

Volume 15

Supervision and Authority in Industry

Edited by Patricia Van den Eeckhout

Volume 16

Forging Political Identity

Keith Mann

Volume 17

Gendered Money

Pernilla Jonsson and Silke Neunsinger

Volume 18

Postcolonial Migrants and Identity Politics

Edited by Ulbe Bosma, Jan Lucassen, and Gert Oostindie

Volume 19

Charismatic Leadership and Social Movements

Edited by Jan Willem Stutje

Volume 20

Maternalism Reconsidered

Edited by Marian van der Klein, Rebecca Jo Plant, Nichole Sanders and Lori R. Weintrob

Volume 21

Routes into the Abyss

Edited by Helmut Konrad and Wolfgang Maderthaner

Volume 22

Alienating Labour

Eszter Bartha

Volume 23

Migration, Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 15001930s

Edited by Steven King and Anne Winter

Volume 24

Bondage

Alessandro Stanziani

MATERNALISM RECONSIDERED

Motherhood, Welfare and Social Policy
in the Twentieth Century

Edited by
Marian van der Klein
Rebecca Jo Plant
Nichole Sanders
and
Lori R. Weintrob

Published in 2012 by

Berghahn Books

www.berghahnbooks.com

2012, 2015 Marian van der Klein, Rebecca Jo Plant, Nichole Sanders and Lori R. Weintrob

First paperback edition published in 2015.

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Maternalism reconsidered : motherhood, welfare and social policy in the twentieth
century / [edited by] Marian van der Klein [et al.].

p. cm. (International studies in social history)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-85745-466-9 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-78238-680-3 (paperback : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-85745-467-6 (ebook)

1. MotherhoodHistory20th century. 2. MothersHistory20th century. 3.
Social policyHistory20th century. 4. Public welfareHistory20th century. I.
Klein, Marian van der.

HQ759.M37365 2012

306.8743dc23

2011041080

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Printed on acid-free paper.

ISBN: 978-0-85745-466-9 hardback

ISBN: 978-1-78238-680-3 paperback

ISBN: 978-0-85745-467-6 ebook

CONTENTS

Rebecca Jo Plant and Marian van der Klein

Sonya Michel

Marian van der Klein

Lori R. Weintrob

Berteke Waaldijk

Lara Campbell

Rebecca Jo Plant

Nichole Sanders

Maria Lcia Mott

Elisabetta Vezzosi

Yoshie Mitsuyoshi

Alma Idiart

Rebecca Jo Plant

CHAPTER 1

---

INTRODUCTION

A New Generation of Scholars on Maternalism

Rebecca Jo Plant and Marian van der Klein

Today as much as ever, mothers and motherhood are categories to be reckoned with in political debates. In nations across the globe, policymakers and commentators discuss whether mothers should be compensated for the care work they perform; whether women should be offered incentives to prevent population decline, or, alternately, be pressured to slow population growth; whether governments should take special measures to protect women due to their reproductive capacity; and to what extent, if any, mothers tend to vote en bloc. Regardless of the type of governmental regime and the role envisioned for mothers, the language that politicians and bureaucrats employ when addressing questions related to mothers and children often seems remarkably similar and strikingly familiar. Though their appeals are frequently dismissed as empty political rhetoric, they echo longstanding gendered discourses that have deep roots in both cultural beliefs and material life.

Since the late nineteenth century, calls for child and maternal welfare programmes and mothers rights have emanated from all quarters of the globe, sometimes successfully, sometimes in vain. They have been advanced by liberals and conservatives, feminists and anti-feminists, men and women, a wide variety of religious groups and democratic, fascist and communist regimes. Moreover, as the celebration of Mothers Day in various countries reveals, discourses of motherhood not only encompass economic and political issues, but are also embedded in cultures of esteem and honour. In seeking to understand the myriad ways in which motherhood has figured within public life and social provisions, many scholars have embraced the paradigm of maternalism. It is this slippery construct that the essays in this volume attempt to analyse, test and refine.

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