James Philips Kay Shuttleworth - The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture of Manchester: Employed in the Cotton Manufacture of Manchester

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Routledge Revivals

The Moral and Physical
Condition of the Working Classes

The Moral and Physical
Condition of the Working Classes

Employed in the Cotton Manufacture of
Manchester

James Phillips Kay Shuttleworth

Second Edition

First published in 1970 by Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.

This edition first published in 2018 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Preface Copyright 1970 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under ISBN:

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-14982-6 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-0-429-05428-0 (ebk)

CASS LIBRARY OF VICTORIAN TIMES

No. 4

General Editor: Anne Humpherys

Herbert H. Lehman College, New York

THE

MORAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITION

OF THE

WORKING CLASSES

THE
MORAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITION
OF THE
WORKING CLASSES

Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester

SECOND EDITION ENLARGED

And Containing an Introductory Letter

to the

REV. THOMAS CHALMERS, D.D.

BY

James Phillips Kay Shuttleworth

With a new Preface by Dr. W. H. Chaloner

Published by

FRANK CASS AND COMPANY LIMITED

67 Great Russell Street, London WC1

Preface Copyright 1970

First edition	1832
Second edition	1832
New impression of the Second edition	1970

ISBN 0 7146 2425 X

Printed in Great Britain by Clarke, Doble & Brendon Ltd.

Plymouth and London

CONTENTS

DR. JAMES PHILLIPS KAY, (later Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth) was born in Rochdale, Lancashire, in 1804, and came from a prosperous middle-class family with banking connections. After some hesitation about the choice of a career he began to study medicine at Edinburgh University in 1824 and graduated M.D. there in 1827. He then began practice in Manchester and was appointed medical officer to the Ancoats and Ardwick dispensary. In Manchester he acquired a wide knowledge of working-class conditions and diseases. In 183132 he acted as secretary to the Manchester Board of Health which had been set up to combat the threatened cholera epidemic. His vividly written pamphlet The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester (1832) embodies the fruits of his experiences in the capital of the cotton kingdom. It is the best known of all the literature produced about the cholera epidemic and has been widely quoted by historians of economic and social conditions. It should however be noted that, thanks in part to the devoted labours of Kay and his colleagues, the cholera epidemic in Manchester proved to be relatively less severe than in cities such as Liverpool and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which were not products of the Industrial Revolution. Francis Place considered that Kays pamphlet should be used with caution, and believed that, despite the rapid growth of Manchester, living conditions there had improved within living memory:

I believe that what he (Kay) says is correct; but he gives the matter as it now stands, knowing nothing of former times; his picture is a very deplorable one many Manchester operatives inform me that his narration relates almost entirely to the state of the Irish, but that the condition of a vast number of the people was as bad some years ago, as he describes the worst portion of them to be now.1

After 1832 Kay led a busy life. He served for a time as an assistant poor law commissioner under the Act of 1834 (he was a friend of both Edwin Chadwick and E. C. Tufnell) and in 1839 was appointed secretary to the newly-created Committee of the Privy Council on Education, a post which he held for ten years. He is therefore one of the founders of the modern English system of public education. In 1842 he married an heiress with good expectations, Janet Shuttleworth, of Gawthorpe Hall, Lancashire, and on his marriage assumed the name of Kay-Shuttleworth. He was knighted in 1850, and played a prominent part in organising the relief of distress among the operatives during the Lancashire cotton famine of 186165. A Liberal in politics, he showed great interest in the problems of the mid-Victorian trade union movement, maintained a life-long interest in questions of industrial and social policy, and wrote two historical novels on Lancashire and Yorkshire themes. He died on May 26 1877 at 68 Cromwell Road, Kensington.

November 1969

W.H.C.

---

1Parliamentary Papers, 1835, no. 465, Vol. VII, p.838.

THE

MORAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITION

OF THE

WORKING CLASSES

EMPLOYED IN THE COTTON MANUFACTURE IN MANCHESTER.

SECOND EDITION ENLARGED:

AND CONTAINING AN INTRODUCTORY LETTER

TO THE

REV. THOMAS CHALMERS, D.D.

PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, ETC.

BY

JAMES PHILLIPS KAY, M. D.

LONDON:

JAMES RIDGWAY, NO. 169, PICCADILLY.

_____

MDCCCXXXII.

TO THE

MY DEAR SIR,

THAT the former edition of this Pamphlet should have been commended by those, who, deeply conscious of the moral and physical evils endured by the working classes, earnestly seek to arouse the power and intelligence of society, to vigorous efforts for the improvement of their condition, has strengthened the strong convictions which I then felt concerning the source and the proper remedies of these ills. I was especially deeply gratified when the principles which I had there supported received the warm approbation which you so cordially expressed, since I knew that the energies of your exalted mind had long been perseveringly devoted to an investigation of the actual condition of the poor, and to a profound consideration of the means of their relief.

I have for some time delayed publishing a second edition of this pamphlet, chiefly because new sources of information have been opened to me whilst engaged with the very intelligent members of the Board of Health, established in Manchester, in devising, and urging into operation, plans for the relief of persons suffering from Cholera.

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