Silvana Greco - Moses Dobruska and the Invention of Social Philosophy: Utopia, Judaism, and Heresy under the French Revolution

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Silvana Greco

Moses Dobruska and the Invention of Social Philosophy

Silvana Greco

Moses Dobruska and the Invention of Social Philosophy

Utopia, Judaism, and Heresy under the French Revolution

ISBN 9783110673531

e-ISBN (PDF) 9783110758825

e-ISBN (EPUB) 9783110758863

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

2022 Silvana Greco, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

bersicht

Contents

1. Acknowledgements
2. Introduction
   1. 1.1 The Purposes of the Present Study and Its New Perspectives
   2. 1.2 Moses Dobruska, or the Sociologist Ante Litteram
      1. 1.2.1 The Need for a Scientific Discipline Concerning Social Reality
      2. 1.2.2 Theories of Social Change and the Development of Societal Organizations
      3. 1.2.3 Theories of Man in Society and Social Interactions
      4. 1.2.4 Theories About Happiness and Its Cultural, Social, and Political Determinants
      5. 1.2.5 Political Sociology: Citizens, Governance Models, and Recruitment of Civil Servants
   3. 1.3 Moses Dobruska, or the Social Philosopher Ante Litteram
   4. 1.4 The Structure of the Present Study
3. Moses Dobruska: Rise and Fall of an Alternative Hero
   1. 2.1 The First Years: From Brno to Vienna
   2. 2.2 Freemason in Vienna (and around Europe)
   3. 2.3 The Plunge into Revolution
   4. 2.4 From Jacobin Fervor to the Guillotine
4. The Philosophie Sociale of 1793: A New Thought
   1. 3.1 The Philophie Sociale of 1793
   2. 3.2 The Title
   3. 3.3 Purposes and Structure
   4. 3.4 Recipients of the Philosophie Sociale
   5. 3.5 Distinction Between State and Society
   6. 3.6 The Need for a Scientific Reflection on Social Issues
   7. 3.7 The Revolutionary Theory
   8. 3.8 Social Disorganization
   9. 3.9 Critical Diagnosis and Conditions for Overcoming Social Disorganization
   10. 3.10 Theory of the Historical Development of Social Organizations
   11. 3.11 Criticism of Rousseau
   12. 3.12 Essence and Form of the Universal Constitution
       1. 3.12.1 The Seventy Principles of the Universal Constitution
       2. 3.12.2 Social Functions of the Universal Constitution
       3. 3.12.3 The Purpose of the Universal Constitution
5. Man and Society
   1. 4.1 Ethical and Social Principles That Govern Life in Society
   2. 4.2 The State of Nature
   3. 4.3 The Social Contract
   4. 4.4 The State of Society
   5. 4.5 Social Context and Socialization Process: From the Individual Self to the Social Self
      1. 4.5.1 At the Micro Level
      2. 4.5.2 At the Meso Level
      3. 4.5.3 At the Macro Level
   6. 4.6 Forms of Social Interactions between Individuals: From Selfishness to Reciprocity
      1. 4.6.1 Selfishness
      2. 4.6.2 Reciprocity
   7. 4.7 Society and Its Social Treasure
   8. 4.8 Society: Rights and Duties
      1. 4.8.1 Public Contributions
      2. 4.8.2 Defending Society: The Supremacy of the Strongest and Deception
      3. 4.8.3 Unit of Interest: The Ultimate Goal of Society
   9. 4.9 Morality and Immorality of the Individual and Society
   10. 4.10 The Boundaries of Freedom Between Self-Preservation and Lawlessness
6. Democracy, Aristocracy, or Monarchy? Representative Democracy
   1. 5.1 Representative Democracy
   2. 5.2 The Three Powers: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
   3. 5.3 Legislative Power and the Enactment of Laws
   4. 5.4 Executive Power
   5. 5.5 The Judicial Power: Of Penalties and Crimes
   6. 5.6 Election of Civil Servants
   7. 5.7 The Defense of the State and the Just War
   8. 5.8 Social Education
7. Happiness
   1. 6.1 The Telos of the Future Democratic Society: The Happiness of Citizens
   2. 6.2 The Social Determinants of Happiness
      1. 6.2.1 Political Factors Supporting the Achievement of Happiness
      2. 6.2.2 Legal Factors
      3. 6.2.3 Cultural Factors
      4. 6.2.4 Economic and Social Factors
      5. 6.2.5 Political and Cultural Factors that Prevent Happiness
8. Reception and Influence of the Philosophie Sociale
   1. 7.1 In the Eighteenth Century: From Franois Chabot to Immanuel Kant
      1. 7.1.1 Franois Chabot: Protector, Friend, Admirer
      2. 7.1.2 Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne and the Provisional Constitution of December 4, 1793
      3. 7.1.3 The Anonymous Review in the Journal Encyclopdique
      4. 7.1.4 The Appreciation of Immanuel Kant
      5. 7.1.5 The Opinion of Maximilien de Robespierre
      6. 7.1.6 The Influence on Johann August Eberhard
   2. 7.2 In the Nineteenth Century: Henry de Saint-Simon and Auguste Comte
      1. 7.2.1 The Influence on Henri de Saint-Simon
      2. 7.2.2 The Influence on the Thought of Auguste Comte
   3. 7.3 In the Twentieth Century: The Study of Gershom Scholem
   4. 7.4 In the Twenty-First Century: Little Attention, and Not Very Flattering
9. Concluding Remarks
10. Appendix 1:Glossary of the Universal Constitution
11. Appendix 2:The Seventy Principles of the Universal Constitution
12. Appendix 3:The German Draft of the Philosophie Sociale
13. Bibliography
14. Index of Names
15. Index of Concepts

1. V
2. VI
3. VII

To Giulio, Doch alles, was uns anrhrt, dich und mich, nimmt uns zusammen wie ein Bogenstrich.

Acknowledgements

My gratitude goes, first of all, to my husband Giulio, who supported me with so much love during my research, often cumbersome, on Moses Dobruska and his Philosophie sociale.

I am deeply grateful to the scholars who have followed my work with interest and precious indications: Prof. Dr. Karl-Siegbert Rehberg (Technische Universitt Dresden), Prof. Dr. Stephan Moebius (Karl-Franzens-Universitt Graz), Prof. Dr. Shmuel Feiner (Bar Ilan University, Tel Aviv), Prof. Dr. Maurice Kriegel (cole des hautes tudes en sciences sociales, Paris), Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Veltri (Universitt Hamburg), Prof. Dr. Marita Rampazi (University of Pavia) and Prof. Dr. Raphael Ebgi (Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele). I am thankful to Dr. Emma Bolton for her revision of the English.

Finally, my heartfelt thanks go to my students at the Freie Universitt Berlin, who have followed my lectures on the sociology of culture and Judaismwith great attention. Their enthusiasm has prompted me to work in depth on the history of the beginnings of sociology. Among them: Patrizia DellAcqua, Barbara Ergenzinger, Susanne Gaertner, Elena Medvedev, Anne-Lise Moll-Jenzen, Andrea Raschemann, Henricke Richter.

This publication was enabled by co-funding for open access monographs and anthologies from Freie Universitt Berlin.

Introduction

1.1 The Purposes of the Present Study and Its New Perspectives

This study proposes, for the first time, an in-depth analysis of the Philosophie sociale, published in Paris at the end of June 1793 by Moses Dobruska (17531794). Dobruska was a businessman, scholar, and social philosopher in Moravia, who converted to Catholicism, gained wide recognition at the Habsburg court in Vienna, and then emigrated to France to join the French Revolution. Dobruska, who took on the name Junius Frey during his Parisian sojourn, barely survived his book. Accused of conspiring on behalf of foreign powers, he was guillotined on April 5, 1794, at the height of Terror, on the same day that Georges Jacques Danton was also on the gallows.

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