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Steven Conn - Metropolitan Philadelphia: Living with the Presence of the Past

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    Metropolitan Philadelphia: Living with the Presence of the Past
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As Americas fifth largest city and fourth largest metropolitan region, Philadelphia is tied to its surrounding counties and suburban neighborhoods. It is this vital relationship, suggests Steven Conn, that will make or break greater Philadelphia.
The Philadelphia region has witnessed virtually every major political, economic, and social transformation of American life. Having once been an industrial giant, the region is now struggling to fashion a new identity in a postindustrial world. On the one hand, Center City has been transformed into a vibrant hub with its array of restaurants, shops, cultural venues, and restored public spaces. On the other, unchecked suburban sprawl has generated concerns over rising energy costs and loss of agriculture and open spaces. In the final analysis, the region will need a dynamic central city for its future, while the city will also need a healthy sustainable region for its long-term viability.
Central to the identity of a twenty-first century Metropolitan Philadelphia, Conn argues, is the deep and complicated interplay of past and present. Looking at the region through the wide lens of its culture and history, Metropolitan Philadelphia moves seamlessly between past and present. Displaying a specialists knowledge of the area as well as a deep personal connection to his subject, Conn examines the shifting meaning of the regions history, the utopian impulse behind its founding, the role of the region in creating the American middle class, the regional watershed, and the way art and cultural institutions have given shape to a resident identity.
Impressionistic and beautifully written, Metropolitan Philadelphia will be of great interest to urbanists and at the same time accessible to the wider public intrigued in the rich history and cultural dynamics of this fascinating region. What emerges from the book is a wide-ranging understanding of what it means to say, Im from Philadelphia.

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METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA Metropolitan Portraits explores the contemporary - photo 1
METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA
Metropolitan Portraits explores the contemporary metropolis in its diverse - photo 2
Metropolitan Portraits explores the contemporary metropolis in its
diverse blend of past and present. Each volume describes a North
American urban region in terms of historical experience, spatial
configuration, culture, and contemporary issues. Books in the
series are intended to promote discussion and understanding of
metropolitan North America at the start of the twenty-first century.
JUDITH A. MARTIN, SERIES EDITOR
METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA
Living with the Presence of the Past
STEVEN CONN
University of Pennsylvania Press | Philadelphia
Copyright 2006 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Conn, Steven.
Metropolitan Philadelphia : living with the presence of the past / Steven Conn.
p. cm. (Metropolitan portraits)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8122-1943-2 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8122-1943-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Philadelphia Region (Pa.)Civilization. 2. Philadelphia Region (Pa.)Social conditions. 3. Philadelphia Region (Pa.)History. 4. Human geographyPennsylvaniaPhiladelphia Region. 5. Middle classPennsylvaniaPhiladelphia Region. I. Title. II. Series.
F158.3.C66 2006
974.8'11dc22
2005058484
For my parents, Terry and Peter.
Philip Larkin was wrong.
CONTENTS
PROLOGUE
The Naked City
There are a million stories in the naked city.
That line closes the 1948 classic film noir The Naked City. The film, drenched in shadow and filled with the grit and swelter of a hot city summer, is a crime story set in New York. The movie, innovatively filmed in the city itself, out in the open, without stage sets, also purports to be, as the narrator explains, a story about the city. Its closing line, uttered by that same narrator over scenes of the city at night, has always struck me as the most astute characterization of any city: a great city is, at one level, a vast accumulation of its individual storiessome extraordinary, some quite quotidian, each different, and every one undeniable.
We can imagine, if you like, that these stories exist in two directionshorizontally across the city at any given moment, and vertically through time. These two axes are equally important, for just as the city belongs to those who occupy it from day to day, their stories carry on a conversation with the storieshistoriesof those who have been there before. Part of what makes any great city great is this ongoing, effortless dialogue between past and present. That conversation contributes to the unique sense of place every real city has.
If there are millions of stories in the naked city, then there have been almost a million storiesand historieswritten about the naked city. Historians who have turned their attention to the city have found political cities, places where great men gathered to do great deeds, and they have found cities teeming with radical women and men who came together to challenge those allegedly great men. They have found immigrant cities that functioned as beacons for millions looking for better opportunities, and cities that in many cases turned out to be squalid, oppressive, xenophobic places, places that made a mockery of American high ideals. They have found economic cities, bustling ports, and thrumming factory towns, and they have found artistic cities, places where writers, painters, architects, and institution builders drew their inspiration and made their mark. They have found cities on the rise in all these respects, and cities in decline. And of course, all these histories are at once right and incomplete. As the most complex and interesting thing human beings have ever created, the city is probably impossible to capture in its totality in any single book.
As one of the older American cities, Philadelphia has a longer history than most other places. But even more than that, it has also generated an enormous literature about that history. Sam Bass Warner, writing his own book about Philadelphia, noted that Philadelphia had become a leading center of urban history. That was in 1987, and in the subsequent years the shelves have grown even heavier with volumes about Philadelphia, making my task even more daunting. So I should be clear at the outset. This book does not even aim to be a comprehensive account or a full history. I certainly cant claim to have read all that has been written about Philadelphia and its region. Rather, my purpose is to consider Philadelphia as part of a larger metropolitan region, to examine how the region has evolved over time, and to hint at what might face the city and region in the future.
Philadelphia, and all American cities for that matter, have always existed in the center of larger regions, but by and large we havent understood them that way. When we look at regions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, our model is usually that of center (city) and periphery (hinterland), town and country. Given the way metropolitan regions have developed since the Second World War, however, that model no longer works. Like other older American cities, Philadelphias population and economic prowess have both decreased even as the size and economic prosperity of the region has grown. Which, then, is center and which is periphery?
As we work toward a new model to understand regional dynamics, we see, generally speaking, our cities pitted in an antagonistic, largely racial struggle with their surrounding suburbs. In this view, white suburbs have proliferated since the end of World War II like parasites feeding off the shrinking, increasingly black body of deindustrializing cities. Philadelphias story, then, is the same as Pittsburghs, Detroits, Chicagos, and St. Louiss. George Clinton, the intergalactic funk musician, summarized this version of the state of metropolitan America in the 1970s as succinctly as anyone when he riffed about chocolate cities and vanilla suburbs.
I am, I confess, largely sympathetic to this view. There is no end of examples illustrating how Philadelphias suburbs have siphoned resources, population, jobs, and more from the city, all the while taking advantage of the city in many ways. City schools are underfunded by the state, as is the citys public transit system. Since the eighteenth century, Philadelphia has led the country in medical research and training, establishing the nations first hospital and first medical school among other things. Today, the citys medical centers groan under the burden of caring for a disproportionate number of the regions poor and uninsured. Suburbanites in great numbers from both Pennsylvania and New Jersey treat the city as their playground, using it for everything from art and high culture to drugs and prostitution, while simultaneously, often angrily, disavowing the notion that they share any responsibility for the citys considerable problems.
Fig 1 The Philadelphia region imagined in a map of 1777 The orderly grid - photo 3
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