Colleen Madonna Flood Williams - Native American family life

NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE

Colleen Madonna Flood Williams

NATIVE AMERICAN LIFE

E UROPEANS AND N ATIVE A MERICANS

H OMES OF THE N ATIVE A MERICANS

H UNTING WITH THE N ATIVE A MERICANS

N ATIVE A MERICAN C ONFEDERACIES

N ATIVE A MERICAN C OOKING

N ATIVE A MERICAN F AMILY L IFE

N ATIVE A MERICAN F ESTIVALS AND C EREMONIES

N ATIVE A MERICAN H ORSEMANSHIP

N ATIVE A MERICAN L ANGUAGES

N ATIVE A MERICAN M EDICINE

N ATIVE A MERICAN R ELIGIONS

N ATIVE A MERICAN R IVALRIES

N ATIVE A MERICAN S PORTS AND G AMES

N ATIVE A MERICAN T OOLS AND W EAPONS

W HAT THE N ATIVE A MERICANS W ORE

NATIVE AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE

Colleen Madonna Flood Williams

Miniconjou men, women, and children pose between two teepees, circa 1890.

SENIOR CONSULTING EDITOR DR. TROY JOHNSON PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY

As always, to Paul R.Williams and Dillon J. Meehan with all my love. Especially for Kayleigh and Michael Baker and for Mathew and Maureen.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Williams, Colleen Madonna Flood.

Native American family life / Colleen Madonna Flood Williams.

pages cm. (Native American life)

Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4222-2969-9 (hc)
ISBN 978-1-4222-8856-6 (ebook)

1. Indians of North AmericaKinshipJuvenile literature.

2. FamiliesUnited StatesJuvenile literature. I. Title.

E98.K48W55 2013
649.108997dc23

2013007470

Native American Life series ISBN: 978-1-4222-2963-7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

For hundreds of years the dominant image of the Native American has been that of a stoic warrior, often wearing a full-length eagle feather headdress, riding a horse in pursuit of the buffalo, or perhaps surrounding some unfortunate wagon train filled with innocent west-bound American settlers. Unfortunately there has been little written or made available to the general public to dispel this erroneous generalization. This misrepresentation has resulted in an image of native people that has been translated into books, movies, and television programs that have done little to look deeply into the native worldview, cosmology, and daily life. Not until the 1990 movie Dances with Wolves were native people portrayed as having a human persona. For the first time, native people could express humor, sorrow, love, hate, peace, and warfare. For the first time native people could express themselves in words other than ugh or Yes, Kemo Sabe. This series has been written to provide a more accurate and encompassing journey into the world of the Native Americans.

When studying the native world of the Americas, it is extremely important to understand that there are few universals that apply across tribal boundaries. With over 500 nations and 300 language groups the worlds of the Native Americans were diverse. The traditions of one group may or may not have been shared by neighboring groups. Sports, games, dance, subsistence patterns, clothing, and religion differedgreatly in some instances. And although nearly all native groups observed festivals and ceremonies necessary to insure the renewal of their worlds, these too varied greatly.

Of equal importance to the breaking down of old myopic and stereotypic images is that the authors in this series credit Native Americans with a sense of agency. Contrary to the views held by the Europeans who came to North and South America and established the United States, Canada, Mexico, and other nations, some Native American tribes had sophisticated political and governing structuresthat of the member nations of the Iroquois League, for example. Europeans at first denied that native people had religions but rather worshiped the devil, and demanded that Native Americans abandon their religions for the Christian worldview. The readers of this series will learn that native people had well-established religions, led by both men and women, long before the European invasion began in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Gender roles also come under scrutiny in this series. European settlers in the northeastern area of the present-day United States found it appalling that native women were treated as drudges and forced to do the mens work in the agricultural fields. They failed to understand, as the reader will see, that among this group the women owned the fields and scheduled the harvests. Europeans also failed to understand that Iroquois men were diplomats and controlled over one million square miles of fur-trapping area. While Iroquois men sat at the governing council, Iroquois clan matrons caucused with tribal members and told the men how to vote.

These are small examples of the material contained in this important series. The reader is encouraged to use the extended bibliographies provided with each book to expand his or her area of specific interest.

Dr. Troy Johnson
Professor of History and American Indian Studies
California State University

This Native American family is dressed in traditional clothing, called regalia, which is worn for special occasions or tribal ceremonies. Family relationships are very important to Native Americans, and social life often revolves around the family.

Families are the building blocks of society. Thus, it is no wonder that Native American societies of the past and present revolve around the family. Traditionally, Native American family ties are traced through blood relationships, , bands, and tribes. Sometimes, adoptions establish family ties.

The varying family structures of Native Americans are quite complex. There are nuclear and extended Native American families. A nuclear family, or one generational family, is composed of a mother, father, and their children. An extended family is composed of two or more generations of a family living together.

Clans are another form of Native American families. A or a common ancestor generally links a clan. Clan traditions, customs, and organizational patterns vary greatly from region to region and people to people.