Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir - Stem Cells in Urology

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the type of cells with self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potentical and are placed especially in bone marrow. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into mesoderm, ectodermal, and endodermal cells in vitro, make them as a choice for tissue engineering and several disease treatment including urology disorders. On the occasion of renal tubular injury, MSCs not only prevent fibrosis of renal tissue and prohibit apoptosis of renal cells, but have a virtual role in regeneration of renal tubular cells indirectly. Several role for MSCs in the erectile dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, kidney injuries and regenerative medicine in urology are considered. In this book we represent the exact place of stem cells in urology disorders

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with capacity of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation can be detected especially in bone marrow and also, it can be harvested through various tissues throughout the adult body including bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood [].

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as subdivided of tumor cells that have ability to renewal themselves and differentiate heterogeneity []. Hence, larger studies are warranted to understanding CSC of bladder and renal cancer in order to advance new treatments.

Organoids, which are multi cell structures that can virtually mirror the entire aspects of an organ in vitro, has become one of the hottest topics in current tissue engineering research []. Albeit there have been evolutions regarding biomaterials applied for producing organoids and new approaches are going to substitute old approaches, each approach and biomaterial include both benefits and complications. With respect to organoids in urology, the majority of studies and research is belonged to animal studies and there is scarcity of clinical studies.

Regenerative medicine is a newfound field that dedicated to reconstruction and repair of tissues and organs [].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevailing problem that badly affect the quality of life of the men and their partners []. In spite of satisfactory outcomes regarding stem cell usage in patients with ED, need further human studies to bring it into practice.

A variety of problems such as overactive bladder, urgency, or urinary incontinence may account for Bladder dysfunction (BD), which involves huge quantity of people universally [].

Kidney impairment, which is described as health-threaten condition that last at least for 3 months [].

Induction therapy has great advantage in the normal process of organ transplantation by prohibiting initial immune response [].