Miri Song - Helping out: childrens labor in ethnic businesses
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Helping Out : Children's Labor in Ethnic Businesses
author
:
Song, Miri.
publisher
:
Temple University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
156639709X
print isbn13
:
9781566397094
ebook isbn13
:
9780585364186
language
:
English
subject
Children of minorities--Employment--Great Britain, Ethnic restaurants--Great Britain--Employees, Fast food restaurants--Great Britain--Employees, Chinese--Employment--Great Britain.
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
HD6247.H82G77 1999eb
ddc
:
331.3/1/08900941
subject
:
Children of minorities--Employment--Great Britain, Ethnic restaurants--Great Britain--Employees, Fast food restaurants--Great Britain--Employees, Chinese--Employment--Great Britain.
Page iii
Helping Out
Children's Labor in Ethnic Businesses
Miri Song
Page iv
Temple University Press, Philadelphia 19122 Copyright 1999 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 1999 Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Song, Miri, 1964 Helping out: children's labor in ethnic businesses / Miri Song. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56639-708-1 (cloth : alk paper). ISBN 1-56639-709-X (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Children of minoritiesEmploymentGreat Britain. 2. Ethnic restaurantsGreat BritainEmployees. 3. Fast food restaurantsGreat BritainEmployees. 4. ChineseEmploymentGreat Britain. I. Title. HD6247.H82G77 1999 331.3'1'08900941dc21 98-51927 CIP
Page v
For my parents
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
1 The Role of Family Ties in Ethnic Businesses
1
2 Chinese Migration and the Establishment of Take-Aways in Britain
23
3 "The Shop Runs Our Lives"
47
4 Helping Out
73
5 Upholding and Negotiating the Family Work Contract
100
6 Siblings' Labor Commitments and Family Reputations
137
7 Looking to the Future
174
Appendix A: Locations of Take-Away Businesses
207
Appendix B: Background Information on Young People
209
Notes
211
Bibliography
221
Index
241
Page ix
Preface
Children and young people have been the subject of a burgeoning literature on the "new second generation" and immigrant adaptation but their productive roles in immigrant families, as both workers and social mediators, have received very little attention thus far. This book is about the central role that children play in Chinese families running take-away businesses in Britain and in ethnic businesses more generally. When I first arrived in Britain and started frequenting Chinese take-away businesses I was struck by the number of Chinese young people working in them. However, the vast literature on ethnic businesses and immigrant adaptation has not investigated the work roles of children in small, family-run businesses. What kinds of labor do children contribute to family-based ethnic businesses and how should we conceptualize this labor? Furthermore, how do children experience and make sense of their labor participation in immigrant families? I argue that in addition to concerns about economic rationality, an examination of the intersection of family relationships and obligations, the survival pressures faced by immigrant families, and issues of cultural identity is necessary for a full understanding of the nature and terms of children's work in ethnic businesses. By prioritizing the need to capture young peoples' views and experiences of their work and family lives, this study is necessarily limited in terms of exploring the myriad of issues that arise in relation to this topic. For instance, I focus much more cen-
Page x
trally upon family dynamics and relationships than upon the business aspects of these enterprises. Nor do I focus upon community and wider kin ties in the formation of the Chinese catering sector in Britainalthough these issues are discussed as background to the study. Throughout the book, I rely heavily upon excerpts from in-depth interviews. I have preserved the colloquial speech and slang (including awkward usage and mistakes in grammar) of the Chinese respondents because issues of language and cultural identity are important themes in the study. Although this book focuses upon the experiences of Chinese young people (predominantly in their twenties), I use the term "children" to refer to a family relationship, vis--vis parents, rather than to individuals of a particular age. Because this is a British study, a number of terms are explained throughout the text for North American readers. One important clarification concerns the use of ethnic categories: "Asian" in the British context refers to people of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi heritage, and does not usually include the Chinese (as opposed to "Asian American," a term that typically refers to people of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, heritage).
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