Joshua A. Fishman - Reversing language shift: theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages
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Reversing language shift: theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages
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Reversing Language Shift : Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages Multilingual Matters (Series) ; 76
author
:
Fishman, Joshua A.
publisher
:
Multilingual Matters
isbn10 | asin
:
185359122X
print isbn13
:
9781853591228
ebook isbn13
:
9780585126173
language
:
English
subject
Code switching (Linguistics) , Linguistic minorities, Language planning.
publication date
:
1991
lcc
:
P115.3.F5 1991eb
ddc
:
306.4/49
subject
:
Code switching (Linguistics) , Linguistic minorities, Language planning.
Page i
Reversing Language Shift
Page ii
Multilingual Matters
Afrikaner Dissidents JOHA LOUW-POTGIETER
Aspects of Bilingualism in Wales COLIN BAKER
Bicultural and Trilingual Education MICHAEL BYRAM and JOHAN LEHMAN (eds)
Bilingualism or Not: The Education of Minorities TOVE SKUTNABB-KANGAS
Citizens of This Country: The Asian British MARY STOPES-ROE and RAYMOND COCHRANE
Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages D. GORTER, J.F. HOEKSTRA, L.G. JANSMA and J. YTSMA
Key Issues in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education COLIN BAKER
Language, Culture and Cognition LILLIAM MALAV and GEORGES DUQUETTE (eds)
Language Distribution Issues in Bilingual Schooling R. JACOBSON and C. FALTIS (eds)
Language in Education in Africa CASMIR M. RUBAGUMYA (ed.)
Language and Ethnic Identity WILLIAM GUDYKUNST (ed.)
Language and Ethnicity in Minority Sociolinguistic Perspective JOSHUA FISHMAN
Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific R. B. BALDAUF and A. LUKE (eds)
Minority Education: From Shame to Struggle T. SKUTNABB-KANGAS and J. CUMMINS (eds)
Minority Education and Ethnic Survival MICHAEL BYRAM
Multilingualism in India D. P. PATTANAYAK (ed.)
The Use of Welsh: A Contribution to Sociolinguistics MARTIN J. BALL (ed.)
Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters Ltd, Bank House, 8a Hill Road Clevedon, Avon BS21 7HH England
Page iii
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS 76 Series Editor: Derrick Sharp
Reversing Language Shift
Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages
Joshua A. Fishman
MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon Philadelphia Adelaide
Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Fishman, Joshua A. Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages/Joshua A. Fishman. p. cm. (Multilingual Matters: 76) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Code switching (linguistics). 2. Linguistic minorities. 3. Language planning. I. Title. II. Series: Multilingual Matters (Series): 76. P115.3.F5 1991 306.4'49 dc20
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 1-85359-122-X ISBN 1-85359-121-1 pbk
Multilingual Matters Ltd
UK: Bank House, 8a Hill Road, Clevedon, Avon BS21 7HH, England. USA: 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007, USA. Australia: PO Box 6025, 83 Gilles Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Copyright 1991 J.A. Fishman
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.
Index compiled by Meg Davis (Society of Indexers). Typeset by Editorial Enterprises, Torquay. Printed and bound in Great Britain by the Longdunn Press Ltd.
Page v
Page vii
... to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people. Book of Esther 1: 22
Many distinguished linguists seem to me excessively cautious about publishing a scientific conclusion before it can be finally established. I think that such a procedure unnecessarily delays the progress of science. The one requirement is that before a conclusion is proposed, its author must think it through and make it harmonize with the available evidence. No scientific conclusion is final; every one of them should be held subject to immediate revision in the light of new evidence. Sturtevant and Hahn, 1951, A Comparative Grammar of the Hittite Language, v. 1 (revised). New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 16.
When one significant section of the community burns with the sense of injustice, the rest of the community cannot safely pretend that there is no reason for their discontent
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