Christopher J. Barrow - Alternative irrigation: the promise of runoff agriculture
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Cover
| title | : | Alternative Irrigation : The Promise of Runoff Agriculture |
| author | : | Barrow, Christopher J. |
| publisher | : | Earthscan Ltd. |
| isbn10 | asin | : | 1853834963 |
| print isbn13 | : | 9781853834967 |
| ebook isbn13 | : | 9780585376769 |
| language | : | English |
| subject | Runoff irrigation. | |
| publication date | : | 1999 |
| lcc | : | S619.R85B37 1999eb |
| ddc | : | 631.587 |
| subject | : | Runoff irrigation. |
Page i
ALTERNATIVE IRRIGATION
Page iii
THE PROMISE OF RUNOFF AGRICULTURE
Christopber J Barrow
EARTHSCAN
Earthscan Publications Ltd, London
Page iv
First published in the UK in 1999 by
Earthscan Publications Ltd
Copyright Christopher J Barrow, 1999
All rights reserved
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 1 85383 496 3 paperback
1 85383 495 5 hardback
Typesetting by PCS Mapping & DTP, Newcastle upon Tyne
Printed and bound by Creative Print and Design Wales, Ebbw Vale
Cover design by Yvonne Booth
Cover photograph Christopher J Barrow
Valleyside irrigated terraces, supplied by channel (gravity flow) from meltwater
stream, Azilal province, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, 1998
For a full list of publications please contact:
Earthscan Publications Ltd
120 Pentonville Road
London, N1 9JN, UK
Tel: +44 (0)171 278 0433
Fax: +44 (0)171 278 1142
Email: earthinfo@earthscan.co.uk
http://www.earthscan.co.uk
Earthscan is an editorially independent subsidiary of Kogan Page Limited and
publishes in association with WWF-UK and the International Institute for Environment
and Development
This book is printed on 50 per cent recycled paper
Page v
| List of Figures, Boxes and Tables | ix |
| List of Photographs | xi |
| List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | xiii |
| Preface | xv |
| Acknowledgements | xvii |
| 1 Introduction | 1 |
| Runoff Agriculture and Land Husbandry | 5 |
| Runoff Agriculture: Definition and Character | 7 |
| 2 Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) | 12 |
| Soil and Water Conservation in Practice | 21 |
| Soil and Water Conservation Techniques | 22 |
| Soil and water conservation by agronomic techniques | 23 |
| Soil and water conservation by mechanical techniques | 31 |
| Soil and water conservation by vegetative techniques | 44 |
| Labour Input and Costs of Soil and Water Conservation | 46 |
| The Role of Women in Soil and Water Conservation | 48 |
| 3 Runoff Harvesting and Storage | 49 |
| Runoff Harvesting Techniques | 54 |
| Roaded catchments | 55 |
| Enhanced catchments | 55 |
| Microcatchments | 57 |
| Macrocatchments | 60 |
| Liman systems | 61 |
| Terraced wadi systems | 65 |
| Warping | 65 |
| Hillside conduit systems | 66 |
| Fog and Mist Harvesting | 66 |
| Dew Harvesting | 67 |
| Subsurface Runoff Harvesting | 68 |
| Runoff Harvesting in Practice | 70 |
| Runoff Harvesting Costs | 73 |
Page vi
| 4 Ephemeral and Variable Streamflow: Spate, Wetlands and Flood Agriculture | 74 |
| Spate Agriculture | 75 |
| Storage of Floodwater and Heavy Runoff | 79 |
| Wetlands, Swamp and Flood Agriculture | 82 |
| Dambos | 84 |
| Fadamas | 84 |
| Bolis | 84 |
| Wet Field, Drained Field and Raised Field or Raised Bed Agriculture | 85 |
| River Flood Agriculture | 87 |
| Flood-Tolerant Rice and Floating Rice | 89 |
| Aquatic Crops | 89 |
| 5 Indigenous Runoff Agriculture: Challenges and Breakdown | 91 |
| Why Does Breakdown Occur? | 92 |
| Where has Breakdown Occurred? | 95 |
| Latin America | 95 |
| North America | 96 |
| Israel (Negev Desert) | 96 |
| Lebanon | 96 |
| Yemen | 96 |
| Spain | 96 |
| Madeira | 97 |
| Canary Islands | 97 |
| Cape Verde Islands | 97 |
| Aegean Islands | 98 |
| Other Mediterranean islands | 99 |
| India and Sri Lanka | 99 |
| The Philippines | 99 |
| Pakistan | 99 |
| Iran | 100 |
| Eastern Sudan | 100 |
| Tanzania | 100 |
| Niger | 100 |
| Morocco | 101 |
| Tunisia | 103 |
| 6 Expanding, Upgrading and Rehabilitating Runoff Agriculture | 104 |
| Runoff Harvesting | 108 |
| Flood and Wetland Agriculture | 108 |
| Tank Storage | 109 |
| Non-Sedentary Agriculture | 109 |
| Promoting Runoff Agriculture and Soil and Water Conservation | 110 |
| What helps innovation or upgrading to succeed? | 112 |
| Problems upgrading to terracing | 114 |
| Grants, subsidies and incentives | 114 |
Page vii
| Food-for-work or cash-for-work support for runoff agriculture and soil and water conservation | 116 |
| Tools for work or village facilities as incentives | 117 |
| Working with landusers | 117 |
| Supportive institutions and social organizations | 118 |
| Supporting Runoff Agriculture and Soil and Water Conservation with Laws and Regulations | 119 |
| The Role of Women in Runoff Agriculture and Soil and Water Conservation | 120 |
| Paying for Runoff Agriculture and Soil and Water Conservation | 120 |
| Appropriate Tools | 120 |
| Appropriate Levelling Methods | 121 |
| Management of Runoff Agriculture and Soil and Water Conservation |
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