Altagracia Ortiz - Puerto Rican Women and Work: Bridges in Transnational Labor (Puerto Rican Studies)
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Puerto Rican Women and Work: Bridges in Transnational Labor (Puerto Rican Studies)
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Puerto Rican Women and Work : Bridges in Transnational Labor Puerto Rican Studies
author
:
Ortiz, Altagracia
publisher
:
Temple University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
1566394503
print isbn13
:
9781566394505
ebook isbn13
:
9780585374888
language
:
English
subject
Puerto Rican women--Employment--United States--History, Women--Employment--Puerto Rico--History.
publication date
:
1996
lcc
:
HD6057.5.U5P84 1996eb
ddc
:
331.4/097295/0904
subject
:
Puerto Rican women--Employment--United States--History, Women--Employment--Puerto Rico--History.
Page i
Puerto Rican Women and Work
Bridges in Transnational Labor
Page ii
In the PUERTO RICAN STUDIES SERIES edited by Luz del Alba Acevedo, Juan Flores, and Emilio Pantojas-Garca
Page iii
Puerto Rican Women and Work
Bridges in Transnational Labor
Edited by Altagracia Ortiz
Page iv
Temple University Press, Philadelphia 19122 Copyright 1996 by Temple University. All rights reserved Published 1996 Printed in the United States of America
The paper used in this book meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984
Text design by Gary Gore
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Puerto Rican women and work: bridges in transnational labor/edited by Altagracia Ortiz. p. cm.(Puerto Rican studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56639-450-3 (cloth).ISBN 1-56639-451-1 (pbk.) 1. Puerto Rican womenEmploymentHistory. 2. WomenEmploymentPuerto Rico History. I. Ortiz, Altagracia, 1941- . II. Series. HD6057.5.USP84 1996 331.4'097295'0904dc20 95-43822
Page v
To my daughter, Nicol, a new generation of Puerto Rican women workers
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Introduction
Altagracia Ortiz
1
One Needlewomen under the New Deal in Puerto Rico, 19201945
Eileen Boris
33
Two "En la Aguja y el Pedal Ech la Hiel": Puerto Rican Women in the Garment Industry of New York City, 19201980
Altagracia Ortiz
55
Three Toward Bilingual Education: Puerto Rican Women Teachers in New York City Schools, 19471967
Virginia Snchez Korrol
82
Four The Impact of Job Losses on Puerto Rican Women in the Middle Atlantic Region, 19701980
Alice Coln-Warren
105
Five Our Two Full-Time Jobs: Women Garment Workers Balance Factory and Domestic Demands in Puerto Rico
Carmen A. Prez-Herranz
139
Page viii
Six Gender and Politcs: Grassroots Leadership among Puerto Rican Women in a health Struggle
Marya Muoz-Vzquez
161
Seven Negotiating Gender, Work, and Welfare: Familia as Productive Labor among Puerto Rican Women in New York City
Rosa M. Torruellas, Rina Benmayor, and Ana Juarbe
184
Eight New Tappings on the Keys: Changes in Work and Gender Roles for Women Clerical Workers in Puerto Rico
Geraldine J. Casey
209
About the Contributors
235
Index
237
Page ix
Preface
This collection of essays tells the story of women workers whose lives have been deeply affected by a colonial system of government and whose labor has been exploited throughout the twentieth century by an expanding capitalist industrial economy. Collectively, these essays provide a historical portrait of women who worked very long hours for little pay and few benefitseither in talleres (shops or factories) or at home in Puerto Rico and on the U.S. main-landto support themselves and their families. I am grateful to them for sharing their experiences with us; this is their story.
One of these workers was my mother, Matilde Rodrguez Torres, a woman whose life in many ways represents the spirit of this collection. She was both a wage laborer andas a wife and motheran "unpaid worker" in Puerto Rico and later in the United States, where she came to live in 1951. Throughout her life, she worked from morning till night at all kinds of jobssome for pay (as a seamstress or garment worker), others out of a sense of duty to her family. Although she often felt forced to work because she had to help support her family, a few times, especially when she was younger and did fine needlework or gardening, I sensed she also loved to work. I owe my interest in Puerto Rican women workers to my mother, and I thank her for this gift. She was the inspiration for this book.
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The paper used in this book meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984