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Yahya - LTE-A Cellular Networks Multi-hop Relay for Coverage, Capacity and Performance Enhancement

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Yahya LTE-A Cellular Networks Multi-hop Relay for Coverage, Capacity and Performance Enhancement
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Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
Abid Yahya LTE-A Cellular Networks 10.1007/978-3-319-43304-2_1
1. Introduction to LTE Cellular Networks
Abid Yahya 1
(1)
BIUST, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
1.1 Background
Mobile communications have come a long way since the introduction of the first mobile telephone systems in the 1950s by German National Railway (Dahlman, Parkvall, & Skold, ).
In order to support advanced services and applications, the 3GPP throughout 2009 worked on a study with the purpose of identifying the LTE improvements required to meet IMT-Advanced requirements (Akyildiz, Gutierrez-Estevez, & Reyes, ). On September 2009, the 3GPP made a formal submission to the ITU so that LTE-Advanced could become candidate for IMT-Advanced.
This book presents a new model to enhance both capacity and coverage area in LTE-A cellular network by determining the optimum location for the RN with limited interference (Aldhaibani, Yahya, & Ahmad, ). A new model is designed to enhance the capacity of the relay link by employing two antennas in RN. This design enables the relay link to absorb more users at cell edge regions. An algorithm called the Balance Power Algorithm (BPA) is developed to reduce MR power consumption.
One of the solutions to meet growing demand and stringent design requirements for coverage extension, throughput, and capacity enhancement in LTE cellular networks is to increase the number of BSs (Due to the assumption of focusing this book on LTE system), refer to a base station (BS) by the 3GPP-LTE and sometimes called Node B (eNB) (3GPP, TS. ETSI, ). The term resource here refers to the frequency and power which is allocated by the network operators.
Cell edge region is a region in which the users suffer from outage in wireless services due to the poor coverage; in general, it is limited from 0.6R to R where R is coverage cell radius (Dahlman et al., ).
This book demonstrates a new way to improve the capacity, coverage, and optimization in power allocation of LTE-A cellular network (Aldhaibani, Yahya, Ahmad, & Md Zain ). It involves the design and development of new methods of multi-hop relay deployment with limited interference.
In this book, three different methods are presented to enhance the capacity and coverage area in LTE-A cellular networks. The scope involves the evaluation of the effect of the RN location in terms of capacity and the determination of the optimum location of the relay that provides maximum achievable data rate for users with limited interference at the cell boundaries. This book addresses frequency reuse by exploiting the available spectrum for RNs and alleviates interference among stations (BSs and RNs). The second method demonstrates a new design to improve relay link capacity to accommodate growing numbers of users at the cell edge region. Finally, the third method focuses on reducing the transmission power consumption for the MR using the Balance Power Algorithm.
In this book, three different methods to enhance the capacity and converge area for LTE cellular network are proposed, and the contribution of this book can be summarized as follows:
  • The first method, ORND, is based on a mathematical analysis of modified Shannon formula of capacity distribution that provides a realistic downlink transmission compared to classical Shannon expressions as presented in Appendix A. ORND provides mathematical formulations for saturation capacity distance ( X s ), handover distance ( X o ), optimal location for the RN ( D RN), and an optimum number of relays ( N relays) per cell. ORND focuses on the mitigation of interference and alleviation overlapping among the cells by balance of power transmission and frequency assignment.
  • The second method, ERLC, is a new design, which enhances the capacity of the relay link by employing two types of antenna for the RN; Omni directional antenna (OA) provides the link with users, and directional antenna (DA) carries information for users attached with the RN to the BS. ERLC enables the relay link to accommodate the growing number of users at cell edge regions and reduces the probability of outage.
  • The third method, BPA, is a new algorithm and is installed in the MR to minimize transmission power consumption for the MR as well as provide a higher throughput for public transportation users. BPA is based on the performance evaluation of DL and UL transmission for the multi-hop mobility system.
References
3GPP, TS. ETSI (2007). Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (Version 8.0.0). 3GPP TS 36.104 [Technical Specification]. Release 8, Valbonne, France.
Akyildiz, I. F., Gutierrez-Estevez, D. M., & Reyes, E. C. (2010). The evolution to 4G cellular systems: LTE-advanced. Physical Communication, 3 (4), 217244. CrossRef
Aldhaibani, J. A., Ahmad, R. B., Yahya, A., Azeez, S. A., & Abbas, A. H. (2014). Performance analysis of amplify and forward relay during uplink and downlink in LTE-A cellular networks. Journal of Next Generation Information Technology, 5 (1), 18.
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R. B., Fayadh, R. A., & Abbas, A. H. (2014). Reducing transmitted power of moving relay node in LTE-A cellular networks. Journal of Computer Science, 10 (6), 10511061. CrossRef
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R. B., Md Zain, A. S., & Salman, M. K. (2013). On coverage analysis for LTE-A cellular networks. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5 (1), 492497.
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R. B., & Md Zain, A. S. (2012a). Performance enhancement of LTE-A, a multi-hop relay node, by employing half-duplex mode. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9 (3), 273280.
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R. B., & Md Zain, A. S. (2012b). Effect of relay location on two-way DF and AF relay in LTE-A cellular networks. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, 3 (2), 385399.
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., Ahmad, R. B., & Md Zain, A. S. (2013). Performance analysis of two-way multi-user with balance transmitted power of relay in LTE-A cellular networks. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 51 (1), 183190.
Aldhaibani, J.A., Yahya, A., Ahmed, R.B., Ali, Z. G., & Fayadh, R.A. (2014). Enhancing link quality in a multi-hop relay in LTE-A employing directional antenna. In 2013 I.E. International RF and Microwave Conference , Penang, 911 December 2013.
Aldhaibani, J.A., Yahya, A., Ahmed, R.B., Omar, N., & Ali, Z.G. (2013). Effect of relay location on two-way DF and AF relay for milt-users system in LTE-A cellular networks. In Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC), IEEE International Conference , 79 April 2013, Langkawi. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Aldhaibani, J.A., Yahya, A., Ahmed, R.B., & Azeez, S.A. (2014). Increasing the coverage area through relay node deployment in long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) cellular networks. In International Conference on Mathematics, Engineering & Industrial Applications 2014 , 2830 May 2014. Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics (AIP).
Aldhaibani, J. A., Yahya, A., & Ahmad, R. B. (2012). Improvement of relay link capacity in a multi-hop system by using a directional antenna in LTE-A cellular network. Przegld Elektrotechniczny, 89 (11), 195201.
Aldhaibani, J.A., Yahya, A., & Ahmed, R.B. (2014). Performance enhancement of moving relay node in LTE-A cellular networks. In International Postgraduate Conference on Engineering and Management 2014 (Indexed by UniMAP) .
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