Unknown - The Complete Guide to Arduino Learn programming techniques to build complex projects and systems. nodrm

Contents Page:

Chapter 1: Introduction to Arduino Page 3

Page 10

Chapter 4: Conditional Statements Page 13

Chapter 6: While & For Loops Page 19

Page 22

Project 1: Basic Alarm System Page 31

Project 2: Voltage Meter Page 35

Assessment: 2-Zone Alarm System

Page 38

Acknowledgement

Page 39

Welcome to The Complete Guide to Arduino Basics! In this course, we wil be exploring the digital world of Arduino and learn to write codes for hardware.

Fol ow along and develop your skil s in the world of engineering.

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an open source platform based around programmable development boards that can be integrated into a range of simple and complex projects. The Arduino family consists of different types of development boards, with the most common being the Arduino UNO.

An Arduino board contains a microcontroller which can be programmed to sense and control devices in the physical world. The microcontrol er is able to interact with a large variety of components such as LEDs, motors and displays.

Because of its flexibility and sustainability, Arduino has become a popular prototyping development board which is widely used across the world.

Arduino UNO R3 Board Breakdown Here are the components that make up an Arduino UNO R3 board and what each of their functions are:

1. Reset Button This wil restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board 2. AREF Stands for Analog Reference and is used to set an external reference voltage

3. Ground Pin There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they al work the same

4. Digital Input/output Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output 5. PWM The pulse width modulation pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate analog output

6. USB Connection Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches

7. TX/RX LEDs to visualise data being transmitted and received from the board

8. ATmega328p This is the microcontrol er which stores the program and processes it

9. Power LED Indicator This LED indicates the board is connected to a power source

10. Voltage Regulator This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino board

11. DC Power Barrel Jack This is used for powering your Arduino with a power supply

12. 3.3V Pin This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects 13. 5V Pin This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects 14. Ground Pins There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they al work the same

15. Analog Pins These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it to digital

Arduino has many uses from coding simple projects to complex systems, demonstrating real life applications. The Arduino IDE is used to write programs and compile them to be loaded on the board. This supports a common programming language, C++.

Throughout the rest of the course, we wil be exploring the Arduino board and learn programming techniques to build systems.

Multifunctional Shield

We wil be using the above expansion board alongside the Arduino UNO, which is called the Multi-Functional Shield. This integrates a wide range of components on to one board, eliminating the need to have wires. This MFS has many advantageous features which wil be beneficial when coding high level programs. We must remember that when using the MFS with Arduino, the digital status is reversed meaning that HIGH = 0 and LOW = 1.

Arduino provides a free open-source programming software, cal ed Arduino IDE. This software al ows users to write codes, compile and upload it to their boards. As wel as this, developers can use pre-written libraries and create their own. Arduino IDE is a programming software widely used to program other third-party compatible boards, including clones and counterfeits.

Instal ing the Arduino IDE

1. To begin with, go to https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software 2. Select the operating system you wish to instal the software on.

3. Arduino offers the software as a free open source product but accepts donations and contributions of your choice, prior to instal ation, to support the development of the software.

4. Run the downloaded file. Grant administrator permission.

5. Agree to the software license agreement.

6. Tick the appropriate boxes of what you wish to install. You will need the Arduino Software and the USB drivers as a minimum.

7. Choose a desired folder to complete the instal ation.

8. When prompted, ensure you download the Arduino USB Driver.

9. Wait for the software to complete instal ation and then load up the Arduino IDE.

Software Infrastructure

When the Arduino IDE loads up, a new blank sketch wil be open. There are a few key areas of the software which are required when coding, verifying and uploading a program. From the menu bar at the top, you can access the software settings and adjust certain settings to your own preference.

Arduino IDE C++ Coding Key Points

The programming language used on the Arduino IDE is C+=, which is a common coding language across many platforms. There are a few key points you must be aware of before we begin programming on the software.

1. Global Scope - The global scope is an area which is not within a function.

This is used to include libraries, assign variable names to analog/digital pins and choose data types. Anything declared in this area is cal ed a global variable and can be read in every function within the program.

2. Void Setup - Every Arduino sketch has this function which runs an initial set of code to setup the program and only runs once at the start, until the board is restarted.

3. Void Loop - Every Arduino sketch has this function which contains the main instructions. This function repeats in a loop until the board is disconnected.

4. Serial Monitor - The serial monitor is a convenient feature which is the

'tether' between the Arduino and the computer. In this window, you can view what the Arduino is currently doing, as wel as manual y control the board using your computer. This is handy for debugging and we wil be using this feature throughout our programming.

5. Comments - A good programmer regularly adds comments to their program to explain what is happening at a certain instruction. To add comments within your code simply type '//' followed by your comment. The text will be greyed out and not included within the code.

6. The 'Forgotten' Semi-Colon - When programming using C++, it is important to remember that at the end of each instruction line, you end with a semi-colon before proceeding. This can often be forgotten and causes compiler errors.