Marcus - CSS3 SIMPLIFIED: CSS Simplified And Turned To Fun (Web Development Simplified Book 4)

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Copyright 2021 O. A. Marcus All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without express written permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 9798701049565

Cover design by: Niflare

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction to CSS

Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet that decides how your HTML will look like.

Usefulness of CSS are:

• It add colors to the webpage.
• Providing webpage a rich and attractive look.
• Changes shapes, give borders to HTML Elements.
• Position your elements as you want( change the layout)

• Animate your HTML elements.

Syntax of CSS

The CSS syntax consists of Selectors and Declarations.

Selectors: are simply used to select the HTML element to be styled.

Declaration: consists of a set of instructions which tell the browser how to style the selected HTML element.

Selectors tell where to do and declarations tell the browser what to do.

How to add CSS to your HTML file.

There are the three ways to add CSS to HTML:

• Inline CSS : write your CSS within the HTML tags.
• Internal CSS : write it inside your HTML file enclosed within the tag.
• External CSS : write it in a separate file with a .css extension and include it in HTML using the tag.

Inline CSS

Writing CSS inside the HTML tags using a style attribute.

It will change the color of text inside the paragraph to orange and font-size to 24px.

Internal CSS

When you write CSS enclosed in the tag within the tag in your HTML file, it is known as internal CSS .

The above snippet will change the color of the text inside the paragraph to orange and font-size to 24px.

External CSS

When you write CSS in a separate file and include the file in the HTML using the tag.

rel attribute specifies the relationship that the linked file has with the source file.

type attribute specifies the internet media type and value text/css conveys that it is CSS.

href is used to provide the path of the file which we want to link.

The style written inside .css file are not enclosed within any tags.

Note: if you include CSS in all the three ways having the same property and selector, then the inline CSS will have the highest precedence and it will override all the other CSS.

If you include internal CSS as well as external CSS then the precedence depends upon the order in which you specify them inside the tag.

Here the CSS written internally will override the external CSS, and the text color will change to red and its font size to 20px.

CSS is always read by browsers from top to bottom, so the one appearing below will override the above one if the selector and property are some.

Selecting HTML Elements

An element can be selected using:

• Element selector
• Class selector
• Id selector
• Attribute selector

Element Selector

To simply select the above text, we can use element selector which is nothing but using the element name.

So, in order to select the above text and modify its style, we can write:

The above snippet will select all the paragraph elements present on the webpage.

Note: /**/ is used to enclose comments in CSS. The things written inside/* and */ is not read by browsers.

Class Selector

If an HTML element has class associated with it, then it can be referenced using class selector in CSS.

Writing a class selector involves writing. (dot) followed by class name.

The above snippet will select all the elements controlling the select-me class.

ID Selector

If an HTML element has an id associated with it, then it can be referenced using id selector in CSS.

Writing a class selector involves writing # (hash) followed by id name.

The above snippet will select the element containing select-me id.

Attribute Selector

Given above is an input tag containing type attribute with value text.

If an HTML element has an attribute associated with it, then it can be referenced using attribute selector in CSS.

Writing an attribute selector involves writing element name followed by [ attribute = value ] as shown below

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