Janice Raymond is the author of Women as Wombs and The Transsexual Empire, and co-author of RU486: Misconceptions, Myths and Morals. She is also a contributor to Radically Speaking: Feminism Reclaimed. A leading thinker in feminist ethics, and professor at the University of Massachusetts, she is currently the international co-ordinator of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.
Other books by Janice Raymond:
The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male
Women as Wombs: Reproductive Technologies and the Battle over Womens Freedom
Legitimating Prostitution as Sex Work: UN Labour Organization (ILO) Calls for Recognition of the Sex Industry
RU486: Misconceptions, Myths and Morals (co-author)
JANICE G.RAYMOND
A PASSION FOR FRIENDS
TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF FEMALE AFFECTION
Spinifex Press Pty Ltd
504 Queensberry Street
North Melbourne, Vic. 3051
Australia
www.spinifexpress.com.au
First published by Beacon Press, 1986
This edition published by Spinifex Press, 2001
Copyright by Janice G.Raymond, 1986
Copyright on Preface 2001
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Cover design by Deb Snibson
Made and printed in Australia by McPhersons Printing Group
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Raymond, Janice G.
A passion for friends: toward a philosophy of female affection.
2nd ed.
Bibliography.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-74219-147-8 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 978-1-74219-449-3 (ePub Format)
ISBN 1 876756 08 X.
1. Female friendship. 2. WomenPsychology 3. Interpersonal relations. 4. Feminism. I. Title.
158.25082
Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following for the permission to reprint: to Alix Dobkin, for the excerpt from The Woman in Your Life is You, from the album Lavendar Jane Loves Women, Ladyslipper Music, P.O.Box 3130, Durham, NC; lines from A Letter by Shao Fei-fei, To the Tune of Flowers Along The Path Through the Field by Wu Tsao, To the Tune The River is Red and Two Poems to the Tune Narcissus by the River by Chiu Chin, from Women Poets of China translated and edited by Kenneth Rexroth and Ling Chung, 1972 by Kenneth Rexroth and Ling Chung, used by permission of Bradford Morrow for the Kenneth Rexroth Trust and New Directions Publishing Corporation; for the excerpt from Womens Rights by Jiu Jin from Feminism and Socialism in China by Elisabeth Croll, by permission of Routledge and Kegan Paul, copyright 1972; to The Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, XXXIII, for the excerpt from Song of the Southern Sea; from The Space from Views from the Intersection by Catherine Barry, by permission of the author; and from In Search of a Warm Feminist by Joan Schwartz, by permission of the author.
For Pat Hynes
who makes these words flesh
The journey would have been pleasant in most
circumstances, and interesting in any, but
because you were there it was wholly delightful
Our actions all have immortality;
Such gladness gives no hostage
unto death.
Thank you, thank you, thank you, for being so
completely satisfactory, you most sweet woman.
And we will go again. There are heaps of
lovely places to see and things to do. Never
doubt that I want to see and do them, and that
I ask no better travelling companion than you.
Winifred Holtby to Vera Brittain,
Testament of Friendship
Contents
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are always a difficult task. On the one hand, they give the author a chance to thank individuals whose support and work have been crucial to the books development; on the other hand, acknowledgements do not thank enough or adequately those who are acknowledged or describe their precise role in the gestation of the work.
Having said this, however, I would like to acknowledge many who have been helpful, in various ways, over the course of these last six years of writing. For suggestions, readings, tracking down references and other materials, and often for sharing their own work, I thank Marcia Lieberman, Ann Dellenbaugh, Ann Woodhull, Fern Johnson, Denice Yanni, Nancy Richard, Kathy Newman, Elaine Koenig, and Leila Ahmed. Thanks to Sandra Elkin, my agent. Many thanks to Joanne Wyckoff, my editor, for shaping up this book in different ways, and to Barbara Flanagan for a careful and creative copyediting. Julie Melrose dauntlessly read the proofs of this book aloud with me. Charlie Virga, an old friend, helped me put this work in an international context.
My parents have always supported and encouraged my work, even when they have disagreed with some of it. I have been fortunate in the friendship of many women, both new and old friends, whose lives confirm that the ideas in this book have a personal and political reality: Aunt Mae, Wilma Miley, Linda Scaparotti, Marlene Fine, Kathy Alexander, Gena Corea, Emily Culpepper, Kate Lehmann, Linda Barufaldi, Karin Krut, Susan Yarbrough, and Eileen Barrett. For those friends of many years ago in the Sisters of Mercy who were true companions of the soul, I am grateful.
The courage, work, and friendship of Andrea Dworkin, Robin Morgan, and Kathy Barry have been a source of inspiration and strength to me. They remind me that radical feminism lives and thrives and that female friendship is indeed personal and political. My additional thanks to Kathy Barry for her reading and suggestions on the manuscript. Nelle Mortons spirit and work continue to affect my own.
Mary Dalys vision, work, and friendship have been enspiriting and encouraging for many years. Her Self and her work have always taught me that thinking is where I keep the company of my Self; where I find my original friend, so to speak.
Renate Kleins friendship has been truly Gyn/affective. Her careful and intelligent reading of this entire work was invaluable. Her attentiveness to the daily and detailed ways of friendship have gladdened not only my life but the lives of hundreds of women worldwide who have passed through her doors.
Preface
In 1980 when I began writing A Passion for Friends, feminists were not talking much about womens friendships. It was almost as if we thought that feminism itself, automatically made us friends. This assumption, as many of us learned, was rather naive. Like others, feminists do not automatically become friends. Although feminists believed and stated that the personal is political, conversely the political was not always personali.e., a sisterhood that was created in the struggle for womens liberation did not mean that feminists shared a common world beyond the struggle. We did not necessarily share a space where friendship could occur and thrive.