David G. Myers - Psychology

THIRTEENTH EDITION

• David G. Myers
• Hope College
• Holland, Michigan

• C. Nathan DeWall
• University of Kentucky
• Lexington, Kentucky

Senior Vice President, Content Strategy: Charles Linsmeier

Program Director, Social Sciences: Shani Fisher

Senior Executive Program Manager: Carlise Stembridge

Development Manager, Social Sciences: Christine Brune

Development Editors: Nancy Fleming, Trish Morgan, Danielle Slevens

Assistant Editor: Anna Munroe

Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre

Marketing Assistant: Steven Huang

Director of Media Editorial & Assessment, Social Sciences: Noel Hohnstine

Executive Media Editor, Psychology: Laura Burden

Assistant Media Editor: Conner White

Supplements Editor: Betty Probert

Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn

Senior Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne

Senior Content Project Manager: Won McIntosh

Director of Digital Production: Keri deManigold

Executive Media Project Manager: Chris Efstratiou

Senior Media Project Manager: Eve Conte

Senior Workflow Supervisors: Susan Wein, Paul W. Rohloff

Production Supervisor: Lawrence Guerra

Executive Permissions Editor: Robin Fadool

Photo Researcher and Lumina Project Manager: Donna Ranieri

Director of Design, Content Management: Diana Blume

Design Services Manager: Natasha Wolfe

Design Manager, Cover: John Callahan

Interior Design: Maureen McCutcheon

Layout Design: Lee Ann McKevitt

Cover Design: John Callahan

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Interior Illustrations: Shawn Barber, Keith Kasnot, Matthew McAdams, Evelyn Pence, and Don Stewart

Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Cover Photo: Eva-Katalin/Getty Images

Library of Congress Control Number: 2020939978

ISBN-13: 978-1-319-34797-0 (e-Pub)

2021, 2018, 2015, 2013 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

1 2 3 4 5 6 25 24 23 22 21 20

David Myers royalties from the sale of this book are assigned to the David and Carol Myers Foundation, which exists to receive and distribute funds to other charitable organizations.

Worth Publishers

One New York Plaza

Suite 4600

New York, NY 10004-1562

www.macmillanlearning.com

To John Sargent, with gratitude for his enduring friendship and support, and his example of progressive corporate leadership.

DM

To Barb Gillilan: A loving aunt, skilled nurse, and inspiration to many.

ND

David Myers received his B.A. in chemistry from Whitworth University, and his psychology Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. He has spent his career at Michigans Hope College, where he has taught dozens of introductory psychology sections. Hope College students have invited him to be their commencement speaker and voted him outstanding professor. His research and writings have been recognized by the Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize, an Honored Scientist award from the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences, an Award for Distinguished Service on Behalf of Social-Personality Psychology, a Presidential Citation from APA Division 2, election as an American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, and three honorary doctorates.

With support from National Science Foundation grants, Myers scientific articles have appeared in three dozen scientific periodicals, including Science, American Scientist, Psychological Science, and American Psychologist. In addition to his scholarly and textbook writing, he digests psychological science for the general public. His writings have appeared in four dozen magazines, from Todays Education to Scientific American. He has authored five general audience books, including The Pursuit of Happiness and Intuition: Its Powers and Perils. And he blogs about psychology and life at TalkPsych.com.

David Myers has chaired his citys Human Relations Commission, helped found a thriving assistance center for families in poverty, and spoken to hundreds of college, community, and professional groups worldwide.

Drawing on his experience, he also has written articles and a book (A Quiet World) about hearing loss, and he is advocating a transformation in American assistive listening technology (see HearingLoop.org). For his leadership, he has received awards from the American Academy of Audiology, the hearing industry, and the Hearing Loss Association of America.

David and Carol Myers met and married while undergraduates, and have raised sons Peter and Andrew, and a daughter, Laura. They have one grandchild, Allie (see ).

Nathan DeWall is professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. He received his bachelors degree from St. Olaf College, a masters degree in social science from the University of Chicago, and a masters degree and Ph.D. in social psychology from Florida State University. DeWall received the College of Arts and Sciences Outstanding Teaching Award, which recognizes excellence in undergraduate and graduate teaching. The Association for Psychological Science identified DeWall as a Rising Star early in his career for making significant contributions to the field of psychological science. He is in the top 1 percent of all cited scientists in psychology and psychiatry on the Institute for Scientific Information list, according to the Web of Science.

DeWall conducts research on close relationships, self-control, and aggression. With funding from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the John Templeton Foundation, he has published over 200 scientific articles and chapters. DeWalls research awards include the SAGE Young Scholars Award from the Foundation for Personality and Social Psychology, the Young Investigator Award from the International Society for Research on Aggression, and the Early Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity. His research has been covered by numerous media outlets, including Good Morning America, The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, Harvard Business Review, USA Today, National Public Radio, the BBC, and The Guardian. He has lectured nationally and internationally, including in Hong Kong, China, the Netherlands, England, Greece, Hungary, Sweden, Australia, and France.