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Peggy Mohan - Wanderers, Kings, Merchants: The Story of India through Its Languages

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Peggy Mohan Wanderers, Kings, Merchants: The Story of India through Its Languages
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One of Indias most incredible and enviable cultural aspects is that every Indian is bilingual, if not multilingual. Delving into the fascinating early history of South Asia, this original book reveals how migration, both external and internal, has shaped all Indians from ancient times.
Through a first-of-its-kind and incisive study of languages, such as the story of early Sanskrit, the rise of Urdu, language formation in the North-east, it presents the astounding argument that all Indians are of mixed origins. It explores the surprising rise of English after Independence and how it may be endangering Indias native languages.

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PEGGY MOHAN WANDERERS KINGS MERCHANTS The Story of India throu - photo 1
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PEGGY MOHAN
WANDERERS, KINGS, MERCHANTS
The Story of India through its Languages
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PENGUIN BOOKS
Wanderers Kings Merchants The Story of India through Its Languages - image 5
PENGUIN BOOKS
Advance Praise for the Book

This book demonstrates the ways in which migrations bring about changes in the languages used by both the host population and those who come to settle among them. Studied analytically, languages reflect a range of historical changes. The subcontinental Indian languages, when analysed from a linguistic perspective, have indicated new dimensions in aspects of Indian history, some of which are revealed so ably and accessibly in this book, in addition to its providing new questionsRomila Thapar, professor emerita, ancient history, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

Peggy Mohan takes the reader on a fascinating journey into the world of Indian languages. Weaving linguistics and history tightly together, she explores how waves of migration over millennia have left their mark on what we speak and how we speak. Wanderers, Kings, Merchants is an accessible account of how Indian languages may have evolved over time and it is a necessary read for anyone interested in our linguistic history
Tony Joseph, author of Early Indians: The Story of Our Ancestors and Where We Came From

Peggy Mohans Wanderers, Kings, Merchants is a highly welcome addition to historical sociolinguistics. Human languages are as mobile as the human communities that speak them, and the languages reflect the interactions of these communities across time and space. From the ancient migrations of peoples into the Indian subcontinent to the migration of Mohans own ancestors to Trinidad, Mohan weaves the accounts of migration with the changing forms of languages. Besides her astute linguistic observations, this book, unlike the typical books in linguistics, reads like a fascinating story of the languages and the communities, and in that respect, offers an enjoyable experience to a wider readershipMadhav Deshpande, professor emeritus, Sanskrit and linguistics, University of Michigan

This is the most fascinating book on historical linguistics ever written. It revolves around the narration of migration, settlement in a new region, intermarriages and the admixture of population leading to the genesis of diverse languages and dialects, each borrowing from the other and then further innovating to become independent languages. Mohan weaves her narration so vividly that each character in the play of language evolution and mixed languages appears in front of your eyes on the stage called India. Her findings reinforce the possibility of the existence of prehistoric language group/s similar to Austroasiatic/Munda in the north-west of Asia, which were in contact with pre-old Indo-Aryan community. She quashes several myths in this little work about the pidgins and creoles, the foremost one being that Nagamese is not a pidgin or even a creole, but the newest member of the Magadhan language family.

Peggy goes through the maze of settlements of Indo-Aryans exactly la mode Sherlock Holmes finding small pieces of evidencethat may appear perfunctory to ordinary historiansand identifies the root source of inner structures of the present languages and dialects. Her arguments in describing the evolution of creoles emerge as a silver lining in the scenario of dying languages.

This is one of the most lucid books on linguistic diversity that I have read in many yearsAnvita Abbi, professor emerita of linguistics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

To migrants:

our ancestors

our children

(India) was like some ancient palimpsest on which layer upon layer of thought and reverie had been inscribed, and yet no succeeding layer had completely hidden or erased what had been written previously.

Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India (1946)

:

iti varavida prahrnipua ta nibodhata

Thus the linguists have spoken;
Understand this wisely.

Pinya-ika

Diacritics and Symbols

In writing this book in the Roman script, I have used a number of diacritic marks for the sounds in the different languages.

Vowels: short
apronounced like the u in the English word c u t
Hindi e.g. ka (get cut)
ipronounced like the i in i t
Hindi e.g. pi (get beaten)
upronounced like the u in p u t
Hindi e.g. pul (bridge)
epronounced like the ai in w ai t
Hindi e.g. le (take)
Vowels: long
pronounced like the a in the English word c a lm
Hindi e.g. mr (kill)
pronounced like the ee in f ee t
Hindi e.g. p (beat)
pronounced like the oo in r oo t
Hindi e.g. phl (flower)
rpronounced like the ri in ri g in north India
pronounced like the roo in roo f in Gujarat and Maharashtra
Sanskrit e.g. Rgveda
Nindicates that the previous vowel is nasalized, as in Portuguese po (bread)
Hindi e.g. hN (yes)
Retroflex: with the tip of the tongue curled upwards to touch the palate

(Retroflex sounds essentially exist only in the Indian subcontinent, and have a ho po a o in the mouth sound, also referred to as r-coloration)

pronounced like an English t with r-coloration
Hindi e.g. k (cut)
hpronounced like an English t with r-coloration and a following h
Hindi e.g. hk (okay)
pronounced like an English d with r-coloration
Hindi e.g. a (stick)
hpronounced like an English d with r-coloration and a following h
Hindi e.g. hona (to bear weight)
pronounced like an English n but with r-coloration
Malayalam e.g. veam (is required)
pronounced like the sh in English sh out but with a whooshing sound
Sanskrit e.g. (dawn)
pronounced like an English l but with r-coloration
Marwari e.g. pu (bridge)
pronounced like a but with the tongue flapping forward
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