Karen (Kay) M Perrin - Principles of Planning, Evaluation, and Research for Health Care Programs

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Perrin, Karen M., author.

Title: Principles of planning, evaluation, and research for health care programs / Karen (Kay) Perrin.

Other titles: Principles of evaluation and research for health care programs Description: Second edition. | Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2021] | Preceded by Principles of evaluation and research for health care programs / Karen (Kay) M. Perrin. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2020011645 | ISBN 9781284203912 (paperback)

Subjects: MESH: Health Services Researchmethods | Research Design | Program Evaluation | Data Collectionmethods

Classification: LCC RA409 | NLM W 84.3 | DDC 362.1072/3dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020011645

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Printed in the United States of America

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To my students

Max Krasnov/Shutterstock

Max Krasnov/Shutterstock

Mad Dog/Shutterstock

This text was written for students enrolled in an introductory course related to research or evaluation. The chapters are in a sequential order that forms the foundation for the knowledge needed to understand basic evaluation or research projects. This text is not intended to achieve complete understanding or proficiency in the complex subjects of health science evaluation and research. However, the chapters do provide information needed to review published literature, collect primary data, analyze data using basic statistics, and present results in written or verbal formats for the intended audience.

The first three chapters set the stage for program planning, evaluation, and research. Chapter 1 defines terms and concepts that should be understood prior to a discussion about various program planning models. Chapter 2 explores the differences and similarities of evaluation and research, and delves into how to review literature and develop research questions or goals and objectives that will be addressed in a study. Chapter 3 is divided into two sections. The first section describes various types of budgets and provides examples to practice basic skills; budget justifications are also introduced. The second section defines the types of cost analyses and explains how each type is used.

Chapter 4 introduces ethics, a core element in evaluation and research. Ethical issues must be considered during the development phase of all projects. Chapter 5 explores determinants of health, such as health disparities and access to health care. If they do not pay attention to social determinants, evaluators and researchers risk missing key elements in the lives of their target audience that may influence health outcomes.

The next several chapters present the tools needed for planning and conducting evaluation programs and research studies. Chapter 6 introduces various types of theories and models, along with examples from the current literature of how those theories and models have been used as the framework for project development. The list of theories and models presented in this chapter is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather serves as an introduction to commonly encountered frameworks. Once the research questions, evaluation goals, and appropriate theory are determined, it is time to explore the topic of study design, including reliability and validity, elements of design, and sampling from the population. Chapter 7 defines the concepts of reliability and validity as well as random and systematic errors. The chapter ends with a detailed description of how to conduct a pilot test and why such tests are essential. Chapter 8 introduces basic elements of design, including the difference between basic and applied research, variables, group assignment, constructs, and operational definitions. The three basic types of design (true experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental) are then defined, with examples being provided to enhance understanding. Chapter 9 describes terms related to populations and samples. Three main topics are covered: sample size considerations, probability and nonprobability samples, and sampling bias. Each topic deserves important consideration when determining the sample size needed for any evaluation or research project.