Tao Le - First Aid for the Pediatric Boards, Second Edition Edition 2

Second Edition

TAO LE, MD, MHS
Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
Chief, Section of Allergy and Immunology
Department of Medicine
University of Louisville

WILBUR A. LAM, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
University of California, San Francisco
Department of Bioengineering
University of California, Berkeley

SHERVIN RABIZADEH, MD, MBA
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

ALAN SCHROEDER, MD
Medical Director, PICU and Chief of Inpatient Pediatrics
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California
Affiliate Clinical Instructor, Stanford University School of Medicine

KIMBERLY VERA, MD
Division of Pediatrics Cardiology
Department of Pediatrics
Vanderbilt University

Copyright 2010 by Tao Le. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-0-07-163248-5

MHID: 0-07-163248-4

The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-162693-4, MHID: 0-07-162693-X.

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To the contributors to this and future editions, who took time to share their knowledge, insight, and humor for the benefit of residents and clinicians.

and

To our families, friends, and loved ones, who endured and assisted in the task of assembling this guide.

ELOA ADAMS, MD
Instructor, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital
Stanford University School of Medicine

ALLISON GEORGE AGWU, MD
Assistant Professor IMPAACT
Co-PI Divisions of Adult & Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Johns Hopkins University

SONIA ARORA BALLAL, MD
Fellow, Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Childrens Hospital Boston

DAVID R. BERK, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Dermatology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis Childrens Hospital
St. Louis, MO

WHITNEY L. BROWNING, MD
Assistantt Professor of Pediatrics Division of Hospital Medicine
Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt

CHRIS CARPENTER, MD, MPH
Attending Physician, Pediatrics Department
University of California, San Francisco

W. CLAY GUSTAFSON, MD, PhD
Fellow, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
UCSF Childrens Cancer and Blood Diseases
University of California, San Francisco

SANJAY K. JAIN, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Director, Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research
Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Center for Tuberculosis Research
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

ERIN JANSSEN, MD, PhD
Fellow, Pediatric Rheumatology
Childrens Hospital Boston

NICOLE D. MARSICO, MD
Clinical Instructor, General Pediatrics
Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital