Anne Paul - Paracas Art and Architecture: Object and Context in South Coastal Peru
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Paracas Art and Architecture: Object and Context in South Coastal Peru
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Paracas Art & Architecture : Object and Context in South Coastal Peru
author
:
Paul, Anne.
publisher
:
University of Iowa Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0877453276
print isbn13
:
9780877453277
ebook isbn13
:
9781587291791
language
:
English
subject
Paracas Site (Peru) , Indian textile fabrics--Peru, Indians of South America--Peru--Antiquities.
publication date
:
1991
lcc
:
F3429.1.P25P37 1991eb
ddc
:
985/.27
subject
:
Paracas Site (Peru) , Indian textile fabrics--Peru, Indians of South America--Peru--Antiquities.
Page iii
Paracas Art & Architecture
Object and Context in South Coastal Peru
Edited by Anne Paul
University of Iowa Press Iowa City
Page iv
University of Iowa Press, Iowa City 52242 Copyright 1991 by the University of Iowa All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 1991
Design by Richard Hendel
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed on acid-free paper
Facing page: Jane Powell Dwyer with friends at Sacsahuaman, Cuzco
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paracas art and architecture: object and context in south coastal Peru/edited by Anne Paul. 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87745-327-6 1. Paracas Site (Peru). 2. Indians of South America Peru Textile industry and fabrics. 3. Indians of South America Peru Antiquities. I. Paul, Anne. F3429.P25P37 1991 985'.27 dc20 91-16740 CIP
Page v
IN MEMORY OF JANE POWELL DWYER
Page vii
Contents
1. Paracas: An Ancient Cultural Tradition on the South Coast of Peru
Anne Paul
1
2. Paracas: Discovery and Controversy
Richard E. Daggett
35
3. A Technical and Iconographic Analysis of Carhua Painted Textiles
Dwight T. Wallace
61
4. Structure, Image, and Abstraction: Paracas Necrpolis Headbands as System Templates
Mary Frame
110
5. Paracas Necrpolis Bundle 89: A Description and Discussion of Its Contents
Anne Paul
172
6. Physical and Chemical Analysis of Paracas Fibers
Kathryn A. Jakes
222
7. Ecology and Society in Embroidered Images from the Paracas Necrpolis
Ann H. Peters
240
8. Social and Political Leadership in the Lower Ica Valley: Ocucaje Phases 8 and 9
Sarah A. Massey
315
9. The Paracas Problem: Archaeological Perspectives
Helaine Silverman
349
References Cited
417
Index
435
Page 1
Chapter 1 Paracas An Ancient Cultural Tradition on the South Coast of Peru
Anne Paul
The word "Paracas" evokes images of dazzling textiles, handsome polychrome crusted pottery painted with rich resin pigments, and extraordinarily thin, finely crafted monochrome pottery. These are the principal artistic manifestations of a 900-year-long cultural tradition that flourished many centuries ago on the Peruvian south coast. A derivation of the Quechua word para-ako, meaning "sand falling like rain," Paracas is the name of a starkly beautiful desert peninsula that is swept by intense afternoon winds. It is also used to denote a textile style, a ceramic style, and a culture.
During the past decade, an increasing number of scholars have devoted their studies to Paracas. This volume is an interdisciplinary collection of essays that represent this recent research. Contributors include archaeologists, art historians, a fiber artist, and a fiber chemist, each of whom has a particular expertise and different question to ask of the material.
Page 2
History of Discovery and Historiography
The earliest discoveries of objects that we can associate with Paracas culture were made about 100 years ago in the Ica Valley (see fig. 1.1). Between 1871 and 1903, Wilhelm Christian Theodor Gretzer collected thousands of Peruvian antiquities (Gagern 1961), including five cloth mummy masks (Dawson 1979) and pottery now recognized as Paracas. Several of the Gretzer collection pieces became part of the Museum fr Vlkerkunde, Berlin, in 1907 (Eisleb 1975: figs. 85, 86, 102, 108, 122). The Peruvian Jos Mariano Macedo also collected ancient Peruvian artifacts in the nineteenth century, including pottery from the Ica Valley. Adolphe Bandelier (n.d.), writing in his journal on July 6, 1892, describes a vessel in Macedo's collection that was apparently Paracas (see Lanning 1960: 429).1
At the turn of the century, Paracas material from other south coast areas began to appear. In 1900, Max Uhle found several sherds from grater bowls (Kroeber and Strong 1924: pl. 20, fig. 12b), a type of vessel now associated with Paracas production, in the Chincha Valley at Huaca de Alvarado and near La Cumbe.2 In 1901, Uhle excavated in the Ica Valley, recovering several bowls with negative-painted designs characteristic of some Paracas ware (see Kroeber and Strong 1924: pl. 29f). He also uncovered a mummy bundle in a cemetery at Ocucaje (Uhle 1913: fig. 14, 1914: fig. 1). A gauze cloth wrapped around the exterior establishes its cultural affiliation with Paracas.3 On top of it was a painted cloth mask (Dawson 1979: fig. 15).
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