Joseph J. Tobin - Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, and the United States
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Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, and the United States
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A comparison of Japanese, Chinese and American preschools, discussing how these schools both reflect and affect philosophies of child-rearing and early childhood education and larger social patterns and beliefs in each society.
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Copyright 1989 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers.
Portions of chapter 2 first appeared as "Class Size and Student/Teacher Ratios in the Japanese Preschool" by Tobin, Davidson, and Wu in Comparative Education Review 31: 4.
Designed by Jo Aerne and set in Garamond no. 3 with Goudy Old Style for display. Printed in the United States of America by Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tobin, Joseph Jay. Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, and the United States / Joseph J. Tobin, David Y.H. Wu, Dana H. Davidson. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0300042353 (cloth) 0300048122 (pbk.) 1. Nursery schoolsJapanCase studies. 2. Nursery schoolsChinaCase studies. 3. Nursery schools United StatesCase studies. 4. Educational anthro pology. I. Wu, David Y. H. II. Davidson, Dana H., 1949 . III. Title. LB1140.25.J3T63 1989 8820904 372'.21'0951dc19 CIP
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
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Page v
Contents
Preface
vii
Chapter One Introduction
2
Chapter Two Komatsudani: A Japanese Preschool
12
Chapter Three Dong-feng: A Chinese Preschool
72
Chapter Four St. Timothy's: An American Preschool
126
Chapter Five A Comparative Perspective
188
References
223
Index
233
Page vii
Preface
The approach we take to studying preschools in this book reflects our diverse backgrounds and interests. David Wu, a Taiwanese cultural anthropologist, has studied child rearing, mental health, and social organization in overseas Chinese communities as well as in Taiwan and the People's Republic. Dana Davidson has a degree in early childhood education and experience in preschool teaching, administration, and teacher training. I have a degree in human development with training in anthropology and psychology and fieldwork experience in Japan.
In 1983 I came to Honolulu to work with David Wu of the East-West Center and Wen-Shing Tseng of the University of Hawaii's Department of Psychiatry on a National Institute of Mental Health postdoctoral fellowship in Asian/Pacific Culture and Mental Health. I had been living and working in Japan, where my elder son, Sam, had been enrolled for a year in a Kyoto nursery school. The experience of being the parent of a child attending a Japanese nursery school had been so interesting to me, and so unlike my previous experience of being the parent of a child enrolled in an American nursery school, that I arrived in Hawaii ready to change my research focus from intercultural images to Japanese preschools.
At the East-West Center I soon found myself involved in discussions with David Wu about the role preschools in China and Japan are being asked to play in child socialization and cultural transmission. David Wu at that time was in the midst of research and writing on parenting and mental health in China. In the spring of 1984 he and Wen-Shing Tseng invited Dana Davidson and me to serve as discussants for a conference they organized in Hawaii on Chinese child rearing and mental health. At the conference several of the participants from the People's Republic spoke about the single-child family policy, about spoiling, and about pre-
Page viii
schools; this served to heighten our interest in doing a comparative study of preschools and the changing family in China and Japan.
Following the conference, David Wu and I agreed to work collaboratively on a comparison of Japanese and Chinese preschools. Six months later, having decided to include the United States in our study to avoid the overemphasis on differences inherent in a two-country comparison, we invited Dana Davidson to join us and add to our expertise in cross-cultural fieldwork and the study of culture her expertise in preschool education and the study of children.
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