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William A. Shack - The Central Ethiopians, Amhara, Tigriňa and Related Peoples: North Eastern Africa Part IV

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Routledge is proud to be re-issuing this landmark series in association with the International African Institute. The series, published between 1950 and 1977, brings together a wealth of previously un-co-ordinated material on the ethnic groupings and social conditions of African peoples.

Concise, critical and (for its time) accurate, the Ethnographic Survey contains sections as follows:

  • Physical Environment
  • Linguistic Data
  • Demography
  • History & Traditions of Origin
  • Nomenclature
  • Grouping
  • Cultural Features: Religion, Witchcraft, Birth, Initiation, Burial
  • Social & Political Organization: Kinship, Marriage, Inheritance, Slavery, Land Tenure, Warfare & Justice
  • Economy & Trade
  • Domestic Architecture

Each of the 50 volumes will be available to buy individually, and these are organized into regional sub-groups: East Central Africa, North-Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, West Central Africa, Western Africa, and Central Africa Belgian Congo.

The volumes are supplemented with maps, available to view on routledge.com or available as a pdf from the publishers.

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ETHNOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF AFRICA Volume 22 The Central Ethiopians Amhara Tigria - photo 1
ETHNOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF AFRICA
Volume 22
The Central Ethiopians Amhara, Tigria and Related Peoples
First published in 1974 by the International African Institute.
This edition first published in 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1974 International African Institute
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-138-23217-4 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-30463-2 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-23419-2 (Volume 22) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-23423-9 (Volume 22) (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-30771-8 (Volume 22) (ebk)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
ETHNOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF AFRICA
EDITED BY DARYLL FORDE
North-Eastern Africa
Part IV
The Central Ethiopians Amhara, Tigria and Related Peoples
BY
WILLIAM A. SHACK
LONDON
INTERNATIONAL AFRICAN INSTITUTE
1974
This volume is dedicated to Daryll Forde, in respectful tribute to his long career in the service of African scholarship
International African Institute 1974
ISBN 0 85302 040 X
Printed in England by
Lowe & Brydone (Printers) Ltd.,
London and Thetford
The preparation and publication of the Ethnographic Survey of Africa began in 1945. Proposals for a survey of this kind had been considered by the Council of the Institute before the war and a memorandum setting out the contributions that an authoritative series of concise and comprehensive ethnographic studies could make in connection with the prospects for development, education and research in Africa was presented on behalf of the Institute to the British Colonial Office in 1944. Grants from the British Colonial Development and Welfare Fund allocated on the recommendation of the British Colonial Social Science Council in 1945 made it possible to initiate this work. A committee set up under the Chairmanship of Professor Radcliffe-Brown considered the detailed proposals for its scope and organisation which had been prepared by the Director who undertook to direct and edit the Survey. It endorsed the main objective, namely to provide in readily comprehensible form an outline of available knowledge concerning the peoples of Africa in a series of short systematic studies of the location, environment, economy, crafts, social systems, political organisation and religious beliefs of each people or group of related peoples. Publication was planned in a continuing series of separate Parts to be grouped within broad regions, each of which would conform to a general scheme of coverage envisaged for the Survey as a whole and would include a comprehensive bibliography and an ethnographic map. The generous collaboration of a number of research institutions and of officials in Europe and in Africa was secured as well as the services of senior anthropologists who were good enough to supervise and amplify the drafts.
While the available published sources have usually provided the basis for the Survey, authors have in many cases been able to use unpublished reports and records in government files and in the archives of missionary societies as well as field notes and special communications from anthropologists and others which have been generously made available. Increasingly, as the work of the Survey has progressed, it has been possible to obtain contributions from field workers who have been recently engaged in research among the peoples concerned. Such volumes have accordingly provided a first short account of the results of new studies.
In addition to the initial British grants which were subsequently continued for a period by the Department of Technical Co-operation and the Ministry of Overseas Development, contributions towards the preparation and publication of volumes relating to Francophone Africa were generously made by the governments of Afrique Occidentale Franaise, the Cameroons and Afrique Equatoriale Franaise through the good offices of the Ministre de la France dOutre Mer and the Institut Franais de lAfrique Noire. The late Professor M. Griaule, Professor Th. Monod, Mme. G. Dieterlen and Professor H. Deschamps greatly assisted the Survey in securing the services and guiding the work of the French ethnologists who have contributed these volumes.
The Commission dEthnologie of the Institut Royal Colonial Belge and the Institut pour la Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale, which were established after the war, cooperated in the preparation of the earlier Parts relating to the Congo at the Centre de Documentation of the Muse de Tervuren, then under the direction of Professor Olbrechts. The Institute is indebted to the museum for its collaboration in the publication of further Parts in association with its series of Monographies Ethnographiques.
Over fifty Parts of the Survey have so far been published, but considerable areas and a number of important peoples remain to be covered. Meanwhile the first editions of the earlier Parts have in many cases gone out of print. Since it has often been difficult to arrange for revised editions which would incorporate more recent research, they have sometimes been reprinted without change, with the addition of supplementary bibliographies, as a record of the earlier ethnographic information on the peoples described and provide a background for subsequent studies.
This Part, The Central Ethiopians, by Professor William A. Shack, the fourth in the series relating to North-Eastern Africa, is based on Professor Shacks considerable experience in Ethiopia, his own field researches, particularly on the Gurage and on a comprehensive study of the earlier as well as the more recent publications on the peoples concerned.
DARYLL FORDE,
Director,
International African Institute
Contents
Illustration
Figures
Tables
Maps
This volume, the fourth in the series of ethnographic surveys of peoples of North-Eastern Africa, covers the North-Eastern branch of the African Semitic language group. I prefer the term Central Ethiopians to designate the Amhara, Tigria and related peoples of the African Semitic language group included in the present survey, thereby avoiding the frequently used but erroneous classification Semitic-speaking Ethiopians. Languages and dialects spoken by the Central Ethiopians belong to the larger family of Semitic languages including Arabic, Hebrew, Berber, Aramaic, and other related tongues, as well as ancient Akkadian and Egyptian. The Ethiopic branch of the Semitic family of languages has its own particularities, however. Ethiopian-Semitic abounds with Cushitic (or, what early writers called Hamitic) influences, in addition to Arabic and Hebrew, as evidenced by the numerous Ethiopicized words that appear to have such derivations.
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