Copyright 1996 by The University Press of Kentucky
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vissing, Yvonne Marie.
Out of sight, out of Mind : homeless children and families in small-town America / Yvonne M. Vissing.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8131-1943-X (cloth : alk. paper).ISBN 0-8131-0872-1 (pbk. : alk. paper).
1. HomelessnessUnited States. 2. Homeless childrenUnited States. 3. Homeless personsUnited States. 4. Housing, RuralUnited States. 5. United StatesRural conditions. I. Title.
HV4505.V57 1996
ISBN 9780-81310872-8
This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
| Member of the Association of American University Presses |
Contents
Preface
Introduction
1Identifying Homeless Children and Families in Rural Areas
2The Catastrophic Assault on the Family
3Homelessness: Its Enough to Make You Sick
4Homelessness: Its Enough to Drive You Crazy
5Kids Cant Think When Theyve Got No Place to Sleep
6Reaping What You Sow: Economic Crises in Rural Areas
7Lack of Affordable Housing in Rural America
8Getting the Rural Homeless the Help They Need
9A Framework for Understanding Rural Homelessness
10Bringing the Community Together to Solve Homelessness
11Doing What It Takes
Appendix A: My Wild Gypsy Life
Appendix B: Summary of Causes of Rural Child-Family Homelessness
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Out of Sight, Out of Mind is the product of six years of sociological investigation into the lives of people who are, or have been, homeless. About a dozen different studies, including both qualitative and quantitative research, helped me to develop an understanding of rural child and family homelessness.
The New Hampshire Department of Education financed my initial study of causes and consequences of homelessness among school-aged children and their families. This grant enabled me to interview forty homeless children and their families in five New Hampshire communities. Dover, Franklin, Manchester, Mascoma, and Monodnock were selected because they represented different types of communities within the states. Students were identified by school personnel and human service representatives. My research team traveled to each community and met the children and, when possible, their families. Sometimes we met at the school; other times we met at a homeless shelter, welfare office, health practitioners office, or where the homeless person was staying. We recorded each interview, with the consent of the individual, and asked a series of questions from a semistructured interview schedule. We also interviewed school personnel and human service providers for each of the families. Each case was summarized and included in a report for the state (Vissing 1991; Luloff, Zaso and Vissing 1992).
The New Hampshire Department of Education also provided funding for me to speak with school and community groups about the findings of our report on the homeless and to engage in problem solving with communities across the state. I spoke to approximately three hundred people from a dozen organizations. The participants provided useful information about programs they had or needed to develop in order to help the homeless families. They also discussed problems, both personal and structural, they had encountered in serving the homeless. Some of the people attended the meetings were homeless, and I met with these individuals in follow-up meetings.
With the financial assistance of the Ella Anderson Trust of the New Hampshire Charitable Trust, I conducted a study to see what happens to homeless children during the summer. In the previous studies I had identified the school as the most helpful institution for homeless kids. Schools give them knowledge, support, food, clothes, and hope. But even when school is out for the summer, childrens needs continue. I surveyed approximately fifty local community representatives and found that almost none of the communities had special summer programs for homeless children. I became convinced that homelessness was not a term that most agencies used when serving children.
University of New Hampshire photography students, under Professor Chris Enoss and my direction, worked with homeless children and families during a semester-long course in 1991. Fourteen students over six months met weekly with the homeless children and families, taking photographs and chronicling their lives. We surveyed and videotaped the students before they met their families, during their assignment, and again at the completion of the term. The result of this project was a traveling photography exhibit. Each student saw homelessness from a different angle; together, their work provides a broad view of what it is like to be a child who is homelessness in a small town.
The photographs were so beautiful that we wanted to enable more people to see them and learn about the photographers experiences. The New Hampshire Humanities Council and the Durum Foundation of the New Hampshire Charitable Trust provided us with funding to put the experience on video. The result was a beautifully crafted twenty-minute videotape called I Want to Go Home (which can be purchased for $25 from the Baboosic Center for Child and Community Development, P.O. Box 547, Durham, N.H. 03824). It recently won two awardsas winner of the New Hampshire First and Finest in Film competition and as the artistic presentation of 1995 for the Ben and Jerrys One Heart-One World Festival.
Through a project supported by the Greater Piscataqua Community Foundation, Odyssey House Foundation director Joseph Diament and I conducted a count of homeless high school students in the seacoast of New Hampshire and Maine. Almost four thousand such students were enumerated in this study (see Vissing and Diament, 1994).