Michelle H. Cameron MD PT OCS - Physical Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention, 1e

Physical Rehabilitation

Evidence-Based Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention

Michelle H. Cameron, MD, PT, OCS

Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon

Linda G. Monroe, MPT, OCS

Lafayette, California

W.B. Saunders

Copyright

SAUNDERS ELSEVIER

11830 Westline Industrial Drive

St. Louis, Missouri 63146

Physical Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention

ISBN: 978-0-7216-0361-2

Copyright 2007, by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elseviers Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: ), by selecting Customer Support and then Obtaining Permissions.

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.

The Publisher

Library of Congress Control Number 2007920424

Publishing Director: Linda Duncan

Editor: Kathy Falk

Developmental Editor: Megan Fennell

Publishing Services Manager: Melissa Lastarria

Senior Project Manager: Joy Moore

Senior Designer: Jyotika Shroff

Printed in Canada

Last digit is the print number:987654321

Contributors

Diane D. Allen, PhD, PT, Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy Samuel Merritt College Oakland, California

Nancey A. Bookstein, EdD, PT, Associate Professor, Director of Physical Therapy Admissions Physical Therapy Program School of Medicine Senior Instructor Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Colorado at Denver, Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado

Lawrence P. Cahalin, MA, PT, CCS, Clinical Professor Department of Physical Therapy Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts

Cynthia Chiarello, PhD, MPT, Associate Director Physical Therapy Program Columbia University New York, New York

Debra Clayton-Krasinski, PhD, PT, Assistant Professor, Clinical Physical Therapy Program in Physical Therapy Columbia University New York, New York

Vanina Dal Bello-Haas, PhD, PT, Associate Professor School of Physical Therapy University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Canada

Jennifer Dekerlegand, MPT, Heart Failure Coordinator, Research Team Leader Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Division of Occupational and Physical Therapy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert L. Dekerlegand, PT, MPT, CCS, Assistant Professor Department of Developmental and Rehabilitative Services School of Health Related Professions University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Stratford, New Jersey

Christopher J. Durall, DPT, PT, MS, SCS, LAT, CSCS, Graduate Faculty Director of Physical Therapy Student Health Center University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse LaCrosse, Wisconsin

Lisa L. Dutton, PhD, PT, Associate Professor, Dean College of Health Professions The University of Findlay Findlay, Ohio

Joan E. Edelstein, MA, PT, FISPO, Special Lecturer Program in Physical Therapy Columbia University New York, New York

Ahmed Samir Elokda, PhD, PT, CLT-LANA, Associate Professor, Director Department of Physical Therapy New York Institute of Technology New York, New York

Donna K. Everix, MPA, PT, Physician Services Manager Mills-Peninsula Health Services Burlingame, California

Linda Fieback, MS, MA, Professional Associate Mercy College Dobbs Ferry, New York

Ginny Gibson, MS, OTR/L, CHT, Assistant Professor Department of Occupational Therapy Samuel Merritt College Oakland, California

Susan Grieve, MPT, MS, Senior Physical Therapist Department of Rehabilitation Services Kaiser Permanente Richmond, California

Rose Little Hamm, DPT, PT, CWS, FCCWS, Assistant Professor of Clinical Physical Therapy Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Southern California Los Angeles, California

Kevin Helgeson, DHSc, PT, SCS, Assistant Professor Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy Idaho State University Pocatello, Idaho

Mohamed Ibrahim, DSc, PT, MS, NCS, Physical Therapy Program State University of New York, Downstate Brooklyn, New York

Debra H. Iwasaki, MSPT, SCS, ATC, CSCS, Associate Head Athletic Trainer and Rehabilitation Coordinator Department of Intercollegiate Athletics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

Susan Klepper, PhD, PT, Assistant Professor of Clinical Physical Therapy Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Columbia University New York, New York

L. Vince Lepak, III, DPT, PT, MPH, CWS, Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy The University of Oklahoma Tulsa, Oklahoma

Robert C. Manske, DPT, PT, MEd, SCS, ATC, CSCS, Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy Wichita State University Teaching Associate Department of Family Medicine Via Christi Sports Medicine Fellowship Residency Program Staff Physical Therapist Via Christi Sports and Orthopedic Physical Therapy Wichita, Kansas

Victoria Merrell, MPT, Boise, Idaho

Tom Mets, PT, MPT, Manager of Outpatient Services San Joaquin Valley Rehabilitation Fresno, California

Martha Paterson, OTR/L, CHT, Owner Artistic Advantage Burbank, California

Christiane Perme, PT, CCS, Senior Physical Therapist Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy The Methodist Hospital Houston, Texas

Brian K. Peterson, MPT, MA, Jefferson County Hospital Fairfield, Iowa

Julie A. Pryde, MS, PT, OCS, SCS, PA-C, ATC, Adjunct Assistant Professor Samuel Merritt College Oakland, California Physician Assistant Muir Orthopedic Specialists Walnut Creek, California

Lori Quinn, EdD, PT, Clinical Faculty Associate Program in Physical Therapy New York Medical College Valhalla, New York

Michael P. Reiman, PT, MEd, ATC, CSCS, Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy Wichita State University Wichita, Kansas

Pamela Scarborough, PT, MS, CDE, CWS, FCCWS, Director of Education PARKS Institute Wimberley, Texas

Amy Selinger, PT, MS, OCS, Assistant Clinical Professor Graduate Program in Physical Therapy University of California San Francisco, San Francisco State University Joint Program in Physical Therapy Owner, Chief Physical Therapist Back to Life San Francisco, California

Lynda L. Spangler, MS, PT, Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy The College of St. Scholastica Duluth, Minnesota