Stuart McGill - Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation

Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation

Third Edition

Stuart McGill, PhD

University of Waterloo

Canada

Human Kinetics

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McGill, Stuart, 1957- , author.

Low back disorders : evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation / Stuart McGill. -- 3e.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

I. Title.

[DNLM: 1. Back Injuries--prevention & control. 2. Low Back Pain--prevention & control. 3. Back Injuries--rehabilitation. 4. Evidence-Based Medicine. 5. Low Back Pain--rehabilitation. WE 755]

RD771.B217

617.5'64052--dc23

2014049488

ISBN: 978-1-4504-7291-3 (print)

Copyright 2016 by Backfitpro, Inc.

Copyright 2007, 2002 by Stuart M. McGill

All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher.

Notice: Permission to reproduce the following material is granted to instructors and agencies who have purchased Low Back Disorders, Third Edition: pp. 329-348. The reproduction of other parts of this book is expressly forbidden by the above copyright notice. Persons or agencies who have not purchased Low Back Disorders, Third Edition may not reproduce any material.

Permission notices for material reprinted in this book from other sources can be found on page xvii.

The web addresses cited in this text were current as of April 2015, unless otherwise noted.

Acquisitions Editor: Amy N. Tocco

Developmental Editor: Melissa J. Zavala

Associate Managing Editor: Shevone Myrick

Copyeditor: Patsy Fortney

Indexer: Patsy Fortney

Permissions Manager: Dalene Reeder

Graphic Designer: Joe Buck

Cover Designer: Keith Blomberg

Photograph (cover): Primal Pictures

Photographer (interior): Neil Bernstein, unless otherwise noted

Photographs (interior): Human Kinetics, unless otherwise noted

Photo Asset Manager: Laura Fitch

Visual Production Assistant: Joyce Brumfield

Photo Production Manager: Jason Allen

Art Manager: Kelly Hendren

Associate Art Manager: Alan L. Wilborn

Illustrations: Human Kinetics, unless otherwise noted

Printer: Sheridan Books

The video contents of this product are licensed for private home use and traditional, face-to-face classroom instruction only. For public performance licensing, please contact a sales representative at www.HumanKinetics.com/SalesRepresentatives.

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The paper in this book is certified under a sustainable forestry program.

Human Kinetics

Website: www.HumanKinetics.com

United States: Human Kinetics

P.O. Box 5076

Champaign, IL 61825-5076

800-747-4457

e-mail: humank@hkusa.com

Canada: Human Kinetics

475 Devonshire Road Unit 100

Windsor, ON N8Y 2L5

800-465-7301 (in Canada only)

e-mail: info@hkcanada.com

Europe: Human Kinetics

107 Bradford Road

Stanningley

Leeds LS28 6AT, United Kingdom

+44 (0) 113 255 5665

e-mail: hk@hkeurope.com

Australia: Human Kinetics

57A Price Avenue

Lower Mitcham, South Australia 5062

08 8372 0999

e-mail: info@hkaustralia.com

New Zealand: Human Kinetics

P.O. Box 80

Mitcham Shopping Centre, South Australia 5062

0800 222 062

e-mail: info@hknewzealand.com

E6220

You will notice a reference throughout this version of Low Back Disorders, Third Edition, to a web resource. This resource is available to supplement your e-book. The web resource includes access to online video with 17 clips. We are certain you will enjoy this unique online learning experience.

Follow these steps to purchase access to the web resource:

1. Visit www.tinyurl.com/LowBackDisordersWR3E.
2. Click the Add to Cart button and complete the purchase process.
3. After you have successfully completed your purchase, visit the books website at www.HumanKinetics.com/LowBackDisorders.
4. Click the third edition link next to the corresponding third edition book cover.
5. Click the Sign In link on the left or top of the page and enter the e-mail address and password that you used during the purchase process. Once you sign in, your online product will appear in the Ancillary Items box. Click on the title of the web resource to access it.
6. Once purchased, a link to your product will permanently appear in the menu on the left.All you need to do to access your web resource on subsequent visits is sign in to www.HumanKinetics.com/LowBackDisordersand follow the link!

Click the Need Help? button on the books website if you need assistance along the way.

I dedicate this book to my teachers. To my parents, John and Elizabeth, who gave what they could. To the few high school teachers who were able to see past my impatience and occasionally misguided enthusiasmin particular, Ralph Colucci, who spent countless hours coaching on the track and football fields and teaching lifes lessons. He practiced the highest example of daily dedication and the drive to continue after others had given up. My university professors in the tough early years, particularly Dr. Klambauer, who was able to transform mathematics from abstract magic into something very mechanical that I could suddenly feel in my hands. This was a turning point. Professor David Winter, who taught me, among many other things, how to read a scientific paper. Professor Robert Norman, my PhD supervisor and mentor, who is the embodiment of integrity and the master of viewing any issue from the highest of intellectual vantage points. The many great academic personalities in the spine world with whom I have had discussions and debates, and whose writings I have studied, have enhanced my education and perspectiveHarry Farfan, Bill Kirkaldy-Willis, Don Chaffin, Bill Marras, Nik Bogduk, Manohar Panjabi, Lance Twomey, and Mike Adams. And the academic clinicians who have stimulated me with their written and spoken thoughtsVlad Janda, Shirley Sahrmann, Dick Erhart, Paul Hodges, Andry Vleeming, Craig Liebenson, Peter OSullivan, Gray Cook, Joachim Wilke, Robin McKenzie, and Clayton Skaggs. My many research colleagues from around the world, and visiting scholars to our lab, too numerous to mention here, who have taught me the many perspectives needed to temper the arrogance that comes so naturally when one is the only person privy to new research results. And to my wonderful graduate studentsJacek Cholewicki, Vanessa Yingling, Jack Callaghan, Sylvain Grenier, Lina Santaguida, Crisanto Sutarno, John Peach, Craig Axler, Lisa Brereton, Greg Lehman, Jennifer Gunning, Richard Preuss, Joan Scannell, David Bereznick, Kim Ross, Kelly Walker, Natasa Kavcic, Simon Wang, John Gray, Steve Brown, Janice Moreside, Sam Howarth, Leigh Marshall, Justin Yates, Stephanie Freeman, Rupesh Patel, Dave Frost, Dianne Ikeda, Christian Balkovec, Natalie Sidorkewicz, Ben Lee, Jordan Cannon, and Drs. Ed Cambridge, Doug Richards, and Claudio Tampier. Our lab techniciansAmy Karpowicz, and Chad Fenwick. The old dog has learned a few of your new tricks. And finally, to the many performance gurus with whom I have had many discussions and training sessions to try experimental approachesthese have assisted me in knowing what important aspects to test. Although it is difficult to pick out a few, I will mention, in particular, the late Mel Siff, Juan Carlos Santana, Al Vermeil, Jerzy Gregorek, Pavel Tsatsouline, Mark McCoy, Art Horne, Dan John, Jon Chaimberg, and Bill Kazmaierall immensely clever and generous men. For this third edition I also wish to thank many of you who have e-mailed me with your kind and encouraging words. All of you have contributed to my forging. Any remaining personal failings I can only attribute to the unfortunate combination of running Canadian software on Irish hardware.