VOICES OF NEGRITUDE IN MODERNIST PRINT
Modernist Latitudes
MODERNIST LATITUDES
Jessica Berman and Paul Saint-Amour, Editors
Modernist Latitudes aims to capture the energy and ferment of modernist studies by continuing to open up the range of forms, locations, temporalities, and theoretical approaches encompassed by the field. The series celebrates the growing latitude (scope for freedom of action or thought) that this broadening affords scholars of modernism, whether they are investigating little-known works or revisiting canonical ones. Modernist Latitudes will pay particular attention to the texts and contexts of those latitudes (Africa, Latin America, Australia, Asia, Southern Europe, and even the rural United States) that have long been misrecognized as ancillary to the canonical modernisms of the global North.
Barry McCrea,
In the Company of Strangers: Family and Narrative in Dickens, Conan Doyle, Joyce, and Proust, 2011
Jessica Berman,
Modernist Commitments: Ethics, Politics, and Transnational Modernism, 2011
Jennifer Scappettone,
Killing the Moonlight: Modernism in Venice, 2014
Nico Israel,
Spirals: The Whirled Image in Twentieth-Century Literature and Art, 2015
VOICES OF NEGRITUDE IN MODERNIST PRINT
Aesthetic Subjectivity, Diaspora, and the Lyric Regime
Carrie Noland
Columbia University Press New York
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
Copyright 2015 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
E-ISBN 978-0-231-53864-0
Columbia University Press gratefully acknowledges permission to reprint the following:
Extracts from Le temps des noyaux, Tentative de description dun dner de ttes Paris-France, and La grasse matine in Paroles by Jacques Prvert appear by permission from ditions Gallimard.
Cubes from The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes by Langston Hughes, edited by Arnold Rampersad with David Roessel, associate editor, copyright 1994 by the Estate of Langston Hughes. Used by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC. All rights reserved. Other rights by permission of Harold Ober Associates Incorporated.
Aim Csaire, Cahier dun retour au pays natal Prsence Africaine Editions, 1956.
Lon-Gontran Damas, Pigments-Nvralgies Prsence Africaine Editions, 1972.
The Collected Poetry by Aim Csaire, translated by Clayton Eshleman and Annette J. Smith, 1983 by the Regents of the University of California. Published by the University of California Press.
Excerpts of appeared in an earlier version as Red Front / Black Front: Aim Csaire and the Affaire Aragon, Copyright 2006 Johns Hopkins University Press. This article was first published in Diacritics 36, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 6484. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. The author thanks both publishers for granting permission to reprint her work.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Noland, Carrie, 1958
Voices of Negritude in Modernist Print: Aesthetic Subjectivity, Diaspora, and the Lyric Regime / Carrie Noland.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-231-16704-8 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-231-53864-0 (ebook)
1. French poetryForeign countriesHistory and criticism. 2. French poetryBlack authorsHistory and criticism. 3. Negritude (Literary movement). 4. African diaspora in literature. 5. Book industries and tradeFranceHistory20th century. 6. LiteratureAesthetics. 7. Blacks in literature. 8. Modernism (Aesthetics)France. I. Title.
PQ3897.N65 2014
840.9'896dc23
2014013368
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Mais je suis fondamentalement un pote, quelquun qui se cherche et se trouve dans et par le langage.
Aim Csaire, Interview with Jean Pierre Salgas, Jeune Afrique, no. 1142 (Paris, November 24, 1982), 72
Figure 0.1: Lon-Gontran Damas and Aim Csaire at a book signing celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of their early work, in Martinique, 1972. Photographer unknown. Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations.
CONTENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to several granting agencies that made it possible for me to finish this book: the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Endowment for the Humanities jointly accorded me an ACLS/SSRC/NEH International and Area Studies Fellowship that released me from teaching during the academic year 20112012; the International Center for Writing and Translation and the Council of Research, Computing and Library Resources at the University of California, Irvine, supported my research trip to Martinique in 2009.
I would also like to thank the librarians and curators who helped me find the materials I needed: Diana Lachatanere and Mary Yearwood at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture; Dominique Taffin at the Archives Dpartementales in Fort-de-France; Dominique Ozonne at the Bibliothque Schoelcher in Fort-de-France; and a devoted librarian at the Archives doutre-mer in Aix-en-Provence. A website is asssociated with this book where readers may find images that these librarians helped me locate: http://faculty.sites.uci.edu/aestheticsubjectivity/. Cecile Gry shared her warm home with me when I was conducting research in the South of France; Brent Hayes Edwards facilitated my research on Lon-Gontran Damas at the Schomburg Center in New York; and Vanessa Agard-Jones provided valuable information for my stay in Fort-de-France.
In Martinique, I was fortunate to befriend Alise Meuris, who took me with her on hikes through the jungle and taught me to identify some of the regions plants. Christian Lapoussinire was generous with his time. Richard and Sally Price offered me a wonderful meal in their beautiful home. I will always be grateful for their welcome and advice.