Lippincotts
Illustrated Reviews:
Biochemistr
Sixth Edition
Denise R. Ferrier, PhD
Professor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Drexel University College of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Health
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Sixth Edition
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ferrier, Denise R.
Biochemistry / Denise R. Ferrier. -- 6th ed.
p. ; cm. -- (Lippincotts illustrated reviews)
Rev. ed. of: Biochemistry / Richard A. Harvey, Denise R. Ferrier. 5th ed. c2011.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4511-7562-2 (alk. paper)
I. Title. II. Series: Lippincotts illustrated reviews.
[DNLM: 1. Biochemistry--Examination Questions. QU 18.2]
612.39--dc23
2012025941
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Acknowledgments
I am grateful to my colleagues at Drexel University College of Medicine who generously shared their expertise to help make this book as accurate and as useful to medical students as possible. I am particularly appreciative of the many helpful comments of Dr. ke Rkaeus of the Karolinska Institute as they have enhanced the accuracy of this work. In addition, the author thanks Dr. Susan K. Fried and Dr. Richard B. Horenstein for their valuable contributions to the Obesity chapter in previous editions of this text. A special thank you to Dr. Alan Katz for his helpful comments on the clinical aspects of the cases in the Appendix. Ms. Barbara Engle was an invaluable sounding board throughout the process.
The editors and production staff of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins were an important source of encouragement. I particularly want to acknowledge the contributions of Susan Ryner, the Acquisitions Editor, and Angela Collins, the Managing Editor. Many thanks are due to Kelly Horvath, Development Editor, for her assistance in the final editing of this book. I also want to thank Deborah McQuade for her work in the assembly of the 6th edition.
This book is dedicated to my
husband John, whose loving
support made the task possible;
to my students, who have taught
me so much over the last 20
years; and to Richard Harvey and
the late Pamela Champe, who
helped me develop as an author.
Contents
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UNIT I:
Protein Structure and Function
I. OVERVIEW
Proteins are the most abundant and functionally diverse molecules in living systems. Virtually every life process depends on this class of macromolecules. For example, enzymes and polypeptide hormones direct and regulate metabolism in the body, whereas contractile proteins in muscle permit movement. In bone, the protein collagen forms a framework for the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, acting like the steel cables in reinforced concrete. In the bloodstream, proteins, such as hemoglobin and plasma albumin, shuttle molecules essential to life, whereas immunoglobulins fight infectious bacteria and viruses. In short, proteins display an incredible diversity of functions, yet all share the common structural feature of being linear polymers of amino acids. This chapter describes the properties of amino acids. explores how these simple building blocks are joined to form proteins that have unique three-dimensional structures, making them capable of performing specific biologic functions.
Figure 1.1 Structural features of amino acids (shown in their fully protonated form).