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Felicity Goodyear-Smith - Murder That Wasn’t: The Case of George Gwaze

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Felicity Goodyear-Smith Murder That Wasn’t: The Case of George Gwaze
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Murder That Wasn’t: The Case of George Gwaze: summary, description and annotation

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This book tells the story of the case of Zimbabwean-born New Zealand resident George Gwaze, twice charged and twice acquitted of the rape and murder of his 10-year-old adopted niece, Charlene Makaza. When Charlene was found unconscious one morning, gasping for breath, with a high fever and lying in a pool of diarrhea, her family rushed her to the Christchurch 24-hour clinic. She was treated for overwhelming sepsis and transferred to the hospital, but sadly her life could not be saved. During the course of Charlenes short illness the diagnosis shifts from infection to sexual assault and homicide, and her grieving family finds themselves publicly engulfed in a criminal investigation. What unfolds next is a surreal set of events so improbable that they seem fictitious. Murder That Wasnt meticulously explores the facts surrounding this case based on scientific, medical, and court records and individual interviews to tell this familys extraordinary story.

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Published by Otago University Press Level 1 398 Cumberland Street Dunedin New - photo 1
Published by Otago University Press Level 1 398 Cumberland Street Dunedin New - photo 2
Published by Otago University Press Level 1 398 Cumberland Street Dunedin New - photo 3

Published by Otago University Press

Level 1, 398 Cumberland Street

Dunedin, New Zealand

www.otago.ac.nz/press

First published 2015

Copyright Felicity Goodyear-Smith

The moral rights of the author have been asserted.

ISBN 978-1-877578-99-1 (print)

ISBN 978-1-927322-76-5 (Kindle)

ISBN 978-1-927322-77-2 (ePub)

ISBN 978-1-927322-78-9 (ePDF)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of New Zealand. This book is copyright. Except for the purpose of fair review, no part may be stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording or storage in any information retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. No reproduction may be made, whether by photocopying or by any other means, unless a licence has been obtained from the publisher.

Publisher: Rachel Scott

Editor: Gillian Tewsley

Design/layout: Fiona Moffat

Index: Diane Lowther

Ebook conversion 2016 by meBooks

Main front cover photograph by Guy Frederick

Foreword

GEORGE GWAZE, a veterinary surgeon from Zimbabwe, emigrated to New Zealand in 2004 to join members of his family who had already moved here to escape the difficult political and economic climate in their homeland. Over time, he was joined by his wife, his remaining children and two of his nieces.

In 2007 Mr Gwaze was accused of the murder and sexual violation of one of his nieces, 10-year-old Charlene. He was tried twice; both times New Zealand juries found him not guilty of the charges against him, and he was eventually exonerated.

This book chronicles the real harm that can be done to an individual and their family when medical professionals, investigators and prosecutors appear to make assumptions about an individuals guilt and then consider only the evidence that appears to support that outcome. In telling the Gwaze familys story, the author illustrates how this kind of closed-minded approach emerges, how it is perpetuated during the course of an investigation, and ultimately how it damages the individuals who are subjected to it.

Felicity Goodyear-Smith has very carefully worked her way through the complex scientific and medical evidence, the court records and the individual interviews of those involved in this tragic case. This book is a salutary reminder of how the fact-finders mindsets can influence their acceptance, rejection, recall and interpretation of objective scientific and medical data, so that alternative explanations that are more consistent with the evidence are never considered or adequately tested.

This book should be compulsory reading for all police investigators, Crown prosecutors, criminal defence lawyers and frontline medical professionals. It makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the forensic process in New Zealand criminal trials. Most importantly, it provides a human face to a process that sometimes goes terribly wrong, leaving a trail of human misery and injustice in its wake.

PROFESSOR MARK HENAGHAN

Dean of the Faculty of Law

University of Otago

PROFESSOR HARLENE HAYNE

Professor of Psychology

University of Otago

Acknowledgements

There is a large number of people who need to be acknowledged. In particular I would like to thank Dr Arie Geursen, who made a significant contribution to the sections on forensic evidence and good versus bad science.

Thanks also to defence lawyers Mr Jonathan Eaton QC, Ms Helen Coutts and Mr James Rapley for their contributions to the case and to this book. I would also like to acknowledge the medical experts Professor Sebastian Lucas, Professor Michael Sharland, Dr Simon Nadel and Dr Nathaniel Cary, who were prepared to take on this case on the other side of the globe, making themselves available at inhospitable hours to attend the court via videolink or, in the case of Professor Lucas, travelling to earthquake-torn Christchurch to give evidence in person.

Of special mention of course are the Gwaze family, who met with me to share their stories after the second trial. I would like to thank them for their patience and honesty. Throughout the terrible ordeal, not only of losing their beloved Charlene but then being falsely implicated in her illness and death, the family have stood strong. They have faced the personal attacks, the wrongs meted out by the justice system and the dreadful disruption to their lives with courage and with dignity. They believed that eventually the truth would prevail. With respect to the courts, it has. I hope this book further disseminates the truth of what happened to Charlene Makaza. I also hope that it contributes to ensuring our forensic processes become more open and scientifically robust, to prevent other tragedies like this from happening.

Abbreviations
AIDSacquired immunodeficiency syndrome
APacid phosphatase
ARDSacute respiratory distress syndrome
cARTcombination anti-retroviral therapy
CYFChild, Youth and Family
DICdisseminated intravascular coagulation
DSACDoctors for Sexual Abuse Care
E. coliEscherichia coli
ESREnvironmental Science and Research
GCSGlasgow Coma Scale
HAARThighly active antiretroviral therapy
HIVhuman immunodeficiency virus
ICUintensive care unit
IHCimmuno-histochemistry
LCNlow copy number (DNA testing)
LIPlymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis
PCRpolymerase chain reaction
PICUpaediatric intensive care unit
SGM+second generation multiplex plus (DNA profiling)
STSSstaphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
Y-STRa short tandem repeat on the Y-chromosome, often used in forensics
Prologue

AT 6 AM on Saturday 6 January 2007 a Christchurch woman goes into her 10-year-old daughters bedroom to find her unresponsive, gasping for breath, with a high fever and lying in a pool of diarrhoea. She wakes her husband and an older daughter, they carry the child to the car and rush her to the local 24-hour clinic, where she is given emergency intravenous antibiotics for presumed acute infection. An ambulance is called and by 7.20 am she is in the emergency room at Christchurch Hospital. A team of doctors and nurses work on resuscitating her but she remains critically ill. She is moved to the intensive care unit and a helicopter is dispatched from the Starship Childrens Hospital in Auckland to transfer her to New Zealands paediatric intensive care facility. Her mother rushes home to pack a small bag before accompanying her daughter to Auckland.

By two oclock that afternoon the scene has dramatically changed. The diagnosis has changed from septic shock to one of violent sexual assault and attempted suffocation. The police are called and start to interview the family. When the Starship team arrive it is clear that the girl is dying and nothing can be done to save her. At 7.30 pm the forensic pathologist is alerted that he will soon be seeing a case of suspected sexual abuse and suffocation. The girl dies at one oclock the following morning. That day the media reports that she has died from suffocation by another person. After a police investigation her father is arrested for her murder on 2 February 2007. The life of this family has changed forever.

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