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Steffie Shields - Moving Heaven and Earth: Capability Browns Gift of Landscape

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Steffie Shields Moving Heaven and Earth: Capability Browns Gift of Landscape
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Moving Heaven and Earth: Capability Browns Gift of Landscape: summary, description and annotation

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A world-famous eighteenth-century British figure, Lancelot Capability Brown (1716-1783) is today considered the father of landscape architecture. Moving Heaven and Earth reveals the driven polymath behind the famous nickname, exploring both Browns artistic legacy and his pioneering work with water in the landscape. The book evaluates the rise of the English landscape garden in the context of his designs. It also provides a comprehensive guide for travelers, with an overview of the 250 sites throughout England and Wales attributed to or connected with Brown. Over 350 magnificent color photographs pin-point Browns enduring views and surprisingly vibrant planting palette, showcasing his enduring significance. This beautifully illustrated book makes a fitting tribute to an important historical figure.

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Extract from John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute Travel Journal and Essay on Travel - photo 1

Extract from John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Travel Journal and Essay on Travel Writing, c.1770, Cambridge University Library, MSS.Ad.8826. My grateful thanks to Nora Shane

Gardening the sister art to building, was at the lowest ebb in Rome. Brown had no guide to follow in the whole extent of Classick ground, left thus entirely to himself, with great sagacity and elegance of taste, He calls in Nature to his assistance, and in company with Her makes new Creations in every place He comes to; Hills arise and undulating plains; where a dead flat appeard before; the black morass, the [space] and Bulrush vanish and are succeeded by a noble River, such are the marks of real genius, unfettered and untaught, ...

This book is dedicated to my husband Michael, our daughter Gabrielle and her husband Peter Gaunt, and our granddaughter Emily

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CURRENCY

According to www.measuringworth.com

In 1750 the value of a 100 0s 0d Commodity compares to 2014:

the real price of that commodity is 14,050.00;

labour value of that commodity is 178,100.00;

income value of that commodity is 278,200.00.

In 1750 the value of 100 0s 0d of Income or Wealth compares to 2014:

the historic standard of living value of that income or wealth is 14,050.00;

economic status value of that income or wealth is 278,200.00;

economic power value of that income or wealth is 1,638,000.00.

In 1750 the value of a 100 0s 0d Project compares to 2014:

the historic opportunity cost of that project is 13,920.00;

labour cost of that project is 178,100.00;

economic cost of that project is 1,638,000.00.

Between 1750 and 2013, prices rose by around 145 times. References to money in the script will be followed by an equivalent amount based on these statistics; for example, a very good bottle of claret that cost 6 shillings in 1750 would cost in the region of 42 today.

Pound sterling (silver)= 20 shillings= 240 pennies= 480 hapennies= 960 farthings
Shilling (silver)= 12 pennies= 24 hapennies= 48 farthings
Groat (silver)= 4 pennies= 8 hapennies= 16 farthings
Penny (copper)= 2 hapennies= 4 farthings
Hapenny copper)= 2 farthings
Farthing (brass)
Guinea (gold) (after 1707)= 21 shillings
Crown (silver)= 5 shillings
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEASUREMENT

Length was measured as follows:

Inch2.54 centimetres
Foot30.48 centimetres
Mile1.6 kilometres
Span22.86 centimetres
Cubit0.46 metres
Hand10.16 centimetres
Furlong (220 yards)201.16 metres
Palm7.5 centimetres
Rod (16.5 feet)5.03 metres
Chain (22 yards)20.12 metres
League (approx. 3 miles)4.8 kilometres

(page 1)August 1981, Broadlands, Hampshire A scene along the River Test that misled me into thinking it was natural countryside. I later learned that Capability Brown had designed the setting. The exotic swamp cypress (left) and grove of native white willows (right) are typical of his planting.

(pages 2 and 3)October 1989, The Pastures, Alnwick, Northumberland A seemingly natural view from Alnwick Castles Pic-Nic Tower. Brown altered the course of the River Aln and transformed unkempt, craggy moorland into grazing grounds. Alnwick townsfolk have always been free to walk here; many believe it has always been like this.

NOTE: in captions, NT is National Trust; EH is English Heritage; HE is Historic England.

A star or arrow, superimposed on certain plans, highlights particular design features.

All images by the author unless credited otherwise, including images of National Trust properties with permission.

CONTENTS

  1. CHAPTER ONE
    NORTHUMBERLAND
  2. CHAPTER TWO
    MR BROWN ENGINEER
  3. CHAPTER THREE
    THE FINEST GARDEN
  4. CHAPTER FOUR
    CLIENTS, SURVEYS & PROPOSALS
  5. CHAPTER FIVE
    CONTRACTS & ASSOCIATES
  6. CHAPTER SIX
    GROUNDWORK
  7. CHAPTER SEVEN
    LAKE-MAKING
  8. CHAPTER EIGHT
    RIVERS REAL & ILLUSORY
  9. CHAPTER NINE
    CASCADES
  10. CHAPTER TEN
    PROBLEMS & PUMPS
  11. CHAPTER ELEVEN
    ROYAL GARDENER AT HAMPTON COURT
  12. CHAPTER TWELVE
    PAINTS AS HE PLANTS
  13. CHAPTER THIRTEEN
    NOW THERE I MAKE A COMMA
  14. CHAPTER FOURTEEN
    SHRUBBERY SWEETS & FLOWER GARDENS
  15. CHAPTER FIFTEEN
    COMFORTS & CONVENIENCE
  16. CHAPTER SIXTEEN
    FREEDOM TO ROAM
  17. CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
    KEEP ALL IN VIEW VERY NEAT
  18. CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
    MOVING HEAVEN
  19. CHAPTER NINETEEN
    THE KITCHING GARDEN
  20. CHAPTER TWENTY
    FULL-SCALE DRAMA
  21. CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE
    ADVERSITY OF MAN & NATURE
  22. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO
    TRANSITION
  23. CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE
    THE MYSTERY OF THE GARDEN
  24. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR
    LOVE OF COUNTRY
  25. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE
    EPILOGUE: STILL CAPABLE

People will not look forward to posterity who never look backward to their ancestors.

EDMUND BURKE

E veryone has landscapes lodged in their memories, many from childhood.

I remember my first real urge to take a photograph. I was eight years old, visiting the Dutch tulip fields of Keukenhof. Such glorious settings have the power to evoke deep emotions or, simply, take the breath away. Whatever the view, we all see things differently from each other. We see with memory.

My father once told me he found it difficult to appreciate landscape. Such was his training as a gunner in WWII that any time he surveyed a beautiful scene, sadly, his eyes saw only possible gun emplacements. His compensation was that he delighted in writing verse, and would read to me from this memory bank, or snippets of his favourite poets, especially Robert Frost. Some lines have never left me.

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I

I took the one less travelled by,

And that has made all the difference.

My different journey began in Hampshire, at Broadlands. I ignored the classical charm of the house as a sweeping lawn led me down to the edge of the meandering River Test. A pair of swans piloted their cygnets under leaning white willows. A spreading copper beech attracted attention at the river bend, great trees punctuated the water meadow, and upstream a stand of Scots pines dominated the river bank. All seemed serene, reassuring. Nothing disturbed the eye or the peace.

I fell under the spell of the place, and later discovered that this pastoral setting had been to a great extent man-made by the celebrated Capability Brown.

Five years passed. I had given up teaching to bring up a family, and taken up garden photography, a passion kindled by two years of living in California sunshine and later properly stoked by the trail-blazing photography of Andrew Lawson.

My husband, an officer in the Royal Air Force, was posted to a radar station on the east coast of Northumberland, and we moved there with our young daughter. In October 1987, as I dashed to catch my train to Newcastle, the great hurricane devastated vast tracts of land in the south of the country, and uprooted millions of trees, a loss that greatly affected me it was almost as bad as losing ones friends.

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