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RED ARMY

INTO

THE REICH

RED ARMY

INTO

SIMON FORTY, PATRICK HOOK, & NIK CORNISH

THE REICH

Published in the United States of America and

Great Britain in 2021 by

CASEMATE PUBLISHERS

1950 Lawrence Road, Havertown, PA 19083,

USA

and

e Old Music Hall, 106108 Cowley Road,

Oxford OX4 1JE, UK

Copyright 2021 Simon Forty

Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-63624-022-0

Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-63624-023-7

A CIP record for this book is available from the

British Library

All rights reserved. No part of this book may

be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical including

photocopying, recording or by any information

storage and retrieval system, without permission

from the publisher in writing.

Packaged by Greene Media Ltd

Design: Eleanor Forty

For a complete list of Casemate titles, please

contact:

CASEMATE PUBLISHERS (US)

Telephone (610) 853-9131

Fax (610) 853-9146

Email:

www.casematepublishers.com

CASEMATE PUBLISHERS UK)

Telephone (01865) 241249

Email:

www.casematepublishers.co.uk

Page 1:

T-34/85 of XXIII Tank Corps, passes

the Church of the Holy Trinity in Kleinschwechat

on the outskirts of Vienna.

Pages 23:

Tankovyy

desant

carrying

troops onboard a tankwas a useful way of

transporting troops quickly and helped ensure

tankinfantry cooperation, but was a dangerous

tactic: the men on the back made easy

targets. Nevertheless, the Russians adopted it

enthusiastically and even crafted handholds for

the infantry.

Below:

T-34/85s at the Dukla Pass, scene

of bloody fighting in September and October

1944. German resistance here was vigorous

and committed, leading to heavy casualties on

both sides.The last months of the war would be

anything but a triumphant progress for the Allies

and the would have to fight hard,

bloody battles in grim conditions for most of the

way to Berlin.

Nomenclature

To differentiate between them, Russian units

have been Anglicized while German units

have been left in their German form.

THE RED ARMY

The Workers and Peasants Red Army

-

was created after the 1917

Revolution. Its part in the Great Patriotic War

between June 22, 1941, and

May 9, 1945, was flawed but in the end victorious. Invaded by its hitherto German ally, with an officer corps

damaged by Stalins purges, nevertheless it overcame its enemies thanks in no small part to the material

assistance of its alliesparticularly the United States through

Lend-Leaseand ended the war by taking

Berlin. Over 34 million men and women served in the army and air forces, of whom the official war dead figure

is 8,668,400 (although other estimates put it as high as 11 million). Of these as many as 3.6 million of 6 million

PoWs didnt survive. Marshal

Zhukov dedicated his memoirs to the Soviet soldier. It is with his blood and

sweat that the victory over the powerful enemy was gained. He knew how to face mortal danger, he displayed a

supreme valor and heroism. There is no limit to the greatness of his exploit in the name of his Motherland.

Introduction

1 Finland and the Baltic States

2 Poland

3 Hungary

4 The Balkans

5 Czechoslovakia

6 Austria

7 Germany

8 Aftermath

9 Remembrance

Glossary

Bibliography

Credits

Contents

Introduction

H

itler called it the greatest bluff since Genghis Khan. He scoffed at

the analysis by Generalleutnant Richard Gehlen, head of the

Fremde

Heere Ost

(), that informed Generaloberst Heinz

Guderians

attempts to get Hitler to remove his gaze from the west and turn it to the

more dangerous east.

Gehlens intelligence gathering had emphasized the

overwhelming might of the Soviet forces ready for an attack on January 12.

Their superiority, Guderian relates in

Panzer Leader

, Gehlen reckoned to be

11:1 in infantry, 7:1 in tanks and 20:1 in guns. At the meeting on December

24 Hitler refused to believe it andin Guderians estimationsquandered

Germanys last few assets in the Ardennes and, later, Alsace-Lorraine. He

refused to stop the Ardennes offensive or to allow the armies in the

Courland

Pocket to be transferred to help. The men that did become available were sent

to

Hungary whose oil, Hitler believed, was essential to Germanys war effort.

It was, almost certainly, too late anyway. Hitlers 1941 gamble to attack

the Soviet Union had already backfired. On the defensive since 194243, and

after June 1944 fighting on three fronts, most of the German generals knew

that they were dead men walking. Hitler, whose little faith in the military

hierarchy had been finally destroyed by the July 20, 1944 bomb plot, wasnt

prepared to listen to dissent. Anyone who disobeyed was replaced, as were

those who dared to argue with him. Guderian became one, eventually, after

one disagreement too many toward the end of March 1945.

It had all seemed so very different in 1944 before the Allies landed in

France, Rome had fallen and the Italians surrendered. And even after those

reverses, there were no enemies knocking at the door of the Reich. The Allies

strategic bombing campaign was certainly wreaking havoc and destruction,

but it didnt stop German productivity increasing sharply at the back end

of 1944. And the wonder weaponsthe V bombs and jet aircraftwere

beginning to reach the line. Surely the tide would inevitably turn?

It would not. Oil production and military manpower were the two most

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