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Mustafa Haikal - Master Pongo: A Gorilla Conquers Europe (Animalibus: Of Animals and Cultures)

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    Master Pongo: A Gorilla Conquers Europe (Animalibus: Of Animals and Cultures)
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Master Pongo: A Gorilla Conquers Europe (Animalibus: Of Animals and Cultures): summary, description and annotation

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In the summer of 1876, Berlin anxiously awaited the arrival of what was billed as the most gigantic ape known to zoology. Described by European explorers only a few decades earlier, gorillas had rarely been seen outside of Africa, and emerging theories of evolution only increased the publics desire to see this monster with human features. However, when he arrived, the so-called monster turned out to be a juvenile male less than thirty-two inches tall.

Known as MPungu (Master Pongo), or simply Pongo, the gorilla was put on display in the Unter den Linden Aquarium in the center of Berlin. Expecting the horrid creature described by the news outlets of the time, the crowds who flocked to see Pongo were at first surprised and then charmed by the little ape. He quickly became one of the largest attractions in the city, and his handlers exploited him for financial gain and allowed doctors and scientists to study him closely. Throughout his time in Europe, Pongo was treated like a person in many respects. He drank beer, ate meat, slept at the home of the head of the aquarium, and visited London and Hamburg. But this new lifestyle and foreign environment werent healthy for the little gorilla. Pongo fell ill frequently and died of consumption in November 1877, less than a year and a half after being brought to Europe.

An irresistible read, illustrated with contemporaneous drawings, this critical retelling of the expedition that brought Pongo to Berlin and of his short life in Europe sheds important light on human-animal interactions and science at a time in Western society when the theory of evolution was first gaining ground.

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Master Pongo NIGEL ROTHFELS GENERAL EDITOR Advisory Board Steve Baker - photo 1
Master Pongo
NIGEL ROTHFELS GENERAL EDITOR Advisory Board Steve Baker University of - photo 2
NIGEL ROTHFELS, GENERAL EDITOR
Advisory Board:
Steve Baker, University of Central Lancashire
Susan McHugh, University of New England
Garry Marvin, Roehampton University
Kari Weil, Wesleyan University
Books in the Animalibus series share a fascination with the status and the role of animals in human life. Crossing the humanities and the social sciences to include work in history, anthropology, social and cultural geography, environmental studies, and literary and art criticism, these books ask what thinking about nonhuman animals can teach us about human cultures, about what it means to be human, and about how that meaning might shift across times and places.
OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES:
Rachel Poliquin, The Breathless Zoo: Taxidermy and the Cultures of Longing
Joan B. Landes, Paula Young Lee, and Paul Youngquist, eds., Gorgeous Beasts: Animal Bodies in Historical Perspective
Liv Emma Thorsen, Karen A. Rader, and Adam Dodd, eds., Animals on Display: The Creaturely in Museums, Zoos, and Natural History
Ann-Janine Morey, Picturing Dogs, Seeing Ourselves: Vintage American Photographs
Mary Sanders Pollock, Storytelling Apes: Primatology Narratives Past and Future
Ingrid H. Tague, Animal Companions: Pets and Social Change in Eighteenth
Century Britain
Dick Blau and Nigel Rothfels, Elephant House
Marcus Baynes-Rock, Among the Bone Eaters: Encounters with Hyenas in Harar
Monica Mattfeld, Becoming Centaur: Eighteenth-Century Masculinity and English Horsemanship
Heather Swan, Where Honeybees Thrive: Stories from the Field
Karen Raber and Monica Mattfeld, eds., Performing Animals: History, Agency, Theater
J. Keri Cronin, Art for Animals: Visual Culture and Animal Advocacy, 18701914
Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, The Hidden Life of Life: A Walk Through the Reaches of Time
Elizabeth Young, Pet Projects: Animal Fiction and Taxidermy in the Nineteenth-Century Archive
Master Pongo
A Gorilla Conquers Europe Mustafa Haikal Translated by Thomas Dunlap The - photo 3
A Gorilla Conquers Europe
Mustafa Haikal Translated by Thomas Dunlap The Pennsylvania State University - photo 4
Mustafa Haikal
Translated by Thomas Dunlap
The Pennsylvania State University Press
University Park, Pennsylvania
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Haikal, Mustafa, 1958 author. | Dunlap, Thomas, 1959 translator.
Title: Master Pongo : a gorilla conquers Europe / Mustafa Haikal ; translated by Thomas Dunlap.
Other titles: Master Pongo. English | Animalibus.
Description: University Park, Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University Press, [2020] | Series: Animalibus: of animals and cultures | Originally published in German in 2013 as Master Pongo : Ein Gorilla erobert Europa. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: Relates the story of a juvenile gorilla named Pongo, brought to Europe in 1876 and housed at the Unter den Linden Aquarium in Berlin. Examines human-animal interactions and science at a time when the theory of evolution was first gaining groundProvided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019055809 | ISBN 9780271082165 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Master Pongo (Gorilla), 18741877. | GorillaBehavior. | Captive mammalsGermanyBerlinHistory19th century.
Classification: LCC QL737.P94 H356 2020 | DDC 599.884dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019055809
Originally published in German as Master Pongo:
Ein Gorilla erobert Europa
2013, Transit Buchverlag, Berlin
This edition copyright 2020
The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,
University Park, PA 16802-1003
The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the
Association of University Presses.
It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.481992.
Master Pongo is the most wonderful
monkey I have ever seen, and I am
a fellow of the Zoological Society and have visited all the living collections
of natural history specimens in Europe and America.
London correspondent
for the New York Times ,
12 August 1877
Contents
From the very beginning, once I had conceived the idea for this book, I wanted to tell above all the story of Pongo and trust the power of the tale of his unusual life. I therefore held back with interpretations that would have interfered with the flow of the narrative, and my goal was never a work intended for a small circle of specialists. Still, I owe a debt of gratitude to many scholars, without whose help this book would never have seen the light of day. First and foremost I must mention Lothar Dittrich, Dietmar Stbler, Harro Strehlow, and Lothar Stein. I also received support in the form of material and advice from Lothar Diez, Marie-Eva Gamblin, Klaus Gille, Sabine Grunwald, Ingeborg Haikal, Saskia Jancke, Lisa Kaufmann, Ursula Kls, Frank Morgenstern, Bruno Schelhaas, Sibylle Stockmann, Julia Wicke, Christa Winkler, and especially Jan Hoyer. To all of them, and especially my wife, Marlies, a heartful Thank you.
In the summer of 1876 Berlin was in the grip of gorilla fever Curiosity was - photo 5

In the summer of 1876, Berlin was in the grip of gorilla fever. Curiosity was already rising in the middle of June, as events were drawing closer and news reports were coming in, first from Liverpool and then from Hamburg. What the press was calling the most gigantic ape known to zoology was said to be on the way to the capital of the Reich and enjoying perfectly good health. Interest seemed to be growing with every passing day. Never and nowhere has a member of the animal kingdom been expected with greater eagerness than this gorilla, and never before has the final fate of an animal been the topic of such animated controversies and such astounding debates, reported the Vossische Zeitung . That does sound extraordinary, yet it created the wrong impression, for the great ape who was being announced, and who reached Berlin with a group of German Africa explorers, was a juvenile male less than thirty-two inches tall. His name: MPungu or Master Pongo, or simply Pongo.
The gorilla in Berlinthe gorilla at the Aquarium: hardly an educated citizen of the city missed this event in the weeks that followed. Notwithstanding his youth and his scabby arms and legs, the ape was a sensation. At twenty thousand marks, he had cost nearly as much as a small villa, a fact that astonished contemporaries.
It made perfect sense, then, that the new arrival was put on display not in the Zoological Garden but in the Aquarium Unter den Lindennot at the outskirts of the city, but at its center, on Berlins most magnificent and famous street. Henceforth the gorillas headquarters would be here, close to the Brandenburg Gate. This would be the place where he held court and quickly charmed those flocking to see him. Being charmed was something very few of the visitors would likely have expected: too terrifying and frightening was the reputation that preceded this ape. For years, books and papers had presented readers with a monstera monster with human features, no less. Even if there were more realistic views, unease about the uncanny relative was deeply rooted. The drawings in magazines continued to show a mythic, bear-like creature with massive canines, and the Brockhaus Encyclopedia was still describing the gorilla as one of the most horrid creatures imaginable.
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