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Annie Harrower-Gray - Scotlands hidden harlots and heroines : womens role in Scottish society from 1690-1969

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Scotlands hidden harlots and heroines : womens role in Scottish society from 1690-1969
Author:
Annie HarrowerGray
Publisher:
Pen and Sword
Genre:
Books / Non-fiction
Year:
2014
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In Memory of Janet Hunter and Jenny Cooper,

wives and mothers who lost their husbands and providers at the Somme in 1916. These two women fought their way through two world wars, not in the armed forces but on the Home Front. Like many other Scottish women, without the help of a National Health Service or Social Security system, they worked long hours in the cold and damp woollen mills to support their families. Janet and Jenny, my grandmother and great-aunt, struggled on till at age 60 they were rewarded with a gold watch and osteoarthritis.

History books preoccupied with the accomplishments of men, have forgotten the armies of heroines that held this country together. In neglecting to record womens lives, history has denied women not only knowledge of their mothers but knowledge of themselves.

First published in Great Britain in 2014 by
Pen & Sword Social History
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
S70 2AS

PAPERBACK ISBN: 978 1 78159 271 7
PDF ISBN: 978 1 47383 646 4
EPUB ISBN: 978 1 47383 470 5
PRC ISBN: 978 1 47383 558 0

The right of Annie Harrower-Gray to be identified as the Author of
this Work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.

Typeset in Ehrhardt by
Mac Style, Bridlington, East Yorkshire
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon,
CRO 4YY

Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword
Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family
History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select,
Transport, True Crime, and Fiction, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper,
Praetorian Press, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.

For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
E-mail:
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk

Contents

Acknowledgements

Scotlands Hidden Harlots and Heroines includes only a small part of the history of all the women who have helped make this great nation what it is today. I couldnt have told even this fraction of the story on my own, though. As always Pauline Campbell at Anstruther Library, found some of the most obscure books for me and kept me on the straight and narrow when my fines looked as if they might be getting out of hand. Paul Hambleton at the National Library of Scotland helped with the online stuff there, while Mark Boulay and Special Collections at University of St Andrews allowed me to use their wonderful photographs.

Thanks to Sharon Reid for her willingness to muck in and help me with research, as well as all at Pen and Sword, especially my editor Jen Newby, who has shown unwavering support and patience, and Dom Allen for his wonderful cover. Im not sure if its Lady Macbeth screaming through the glen or Colonel Anne MacKintosh looking for a place to hide Bonnie Prince Charlie, but the wifies having their tea dont seem bothered by the history being made around them. Thats Scottish wifies for you though, they take everything in their stride.

On the personal side, a great big thank you to Lorna, for listening to the stories, checking the manuscript, and her diplomacy in offering such comments the book is really coming on now, its great. Between chapters though, do you think you might just give the fridge a wee wipe before it causes a national health and safety alert. Every person who sits down to write a book needs a Lorna.

Introduction

O hold your tongue of your weeping, said he

Of your weeping now let me be

I will show you how the lilies grow

On the banks of Italy.

And aye when she turnd her round about

Aye taller he seemd for to be

Until the tops o that gallant ship

Nae taller were than he.

The clouds grew dark and the wind grew loud

And the levin filld her ee

And waesome waild the snaw-white sprites

Upon the gurlie sea.

He strack the tap-mast wi his hand

The foremast wi his knee

And he brake that gallant ship in twain

And sank her in the sea.

The Scots have always been a nation quick to sing, to celebrate the heroic and believe in the supernatural. This ballad, originating in Aberdeen in the early seventeenth century, tells of a sailor returning to his old love and persuading her to leave her family and run away to sea with him. When she embarks upon his ship, she realises it is an illusion, a trick to entice her on to a ghostly vessel that will take her on a voyage to the bottom of the sea.

Ballads, folklore, and myths were passed down from mother to daughter in the oral tradition, as were recipes and formulas for herbal remedies. Fey-folk or supernatural beings were said to inhabit Caledonias snow-covered mountains, ancient castles and mysterious glens. On special days, such as the May Day festival or Halloween, the fairy aristocracy were thought to mix with living witches, necromancers and sorcerers. Healing by spells and potions was an accepted part of a colourful Celtic past that grew out of the countrys pre-Christian origins.

At this time no one persecuted witches. They were as invulnerable as fairies and saints. If you were clever, then you bribed the local witch with a little milk and honey. No doubt many an old woman with basic knowledge of herbal remedies and an eye to the main chance enjoyed a free meal. However, at the end of the fifteenth century, witchcraft was condemned by Pope Innocent VIII as heresy in several papal bulls and became a capital offence. This inspired two German professors of theology, Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, to publish their own guide to witch-hunting in 1486. The Malleus Maleficarum (hammer of the witches), listed an extensive number of atrocities to be inflicted on suspected witches in order to obtain a confession. The book became the witchfinders bible, as the feeble-minded, herbalists, and even midwives were persecuted across Europe.

Not only witches were believed to be sources of evil in late sixteenth century Scotland, there was also the Scarlet Woman of the Book of Revelations the Catholic Church. At that time, a large number of supposedly intelligent men of all classes were discontented with the religious environment in which they lived and the corruption within the Catholic Church in particular. On 11 May 1559 John Knox, a follower of John Calvins radical teachings, preached a sermon vehement against idolatry in the Church of St John the Baptist in Perth. Knoxs diatribe fired up the congregation to go on a rampage, damaging the ornaments and artwork in the church. The men then formed a mob, rushing out of the church to sack the houses of the Grey and Black Friars, and the Carthusian monastery. Many such acts of vandalism took place against Scotlands churches and cathedrals, and many a gentleman added to his personal wealth by rescuing valuable works of art before they were destroyed by the vandals.

Christian Caldwell & Isobel Gowdie: Thou Shalt Not Suffer a Witch to Live

The new church leaders now emerging were intellectual Scots who had read the works of Luther and Calvin and seen at first-hand the way foreign authorities treated the threat from witches. The persecution of witches suited the politics of their new regime very well. Making witchcraft an illegal act provided a lever against their opponents and helped establish the new religion in the eyes of the people. The Acta Parliamentorum Mariae was passed in 1563, imposing the death penalty on all those practising witchcraft and necromancy. The reformers supported their cause by quoting from Exodus, xxii, 18, thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.

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