Vivien Teasdale - Struggle and Suffrage in Huddersfield: Womens Lives and the Fight for Equality

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Struggle and Suffrage in Huddersfield

Struggle and Suffrage in Huddersfield

Womens Lives and the Fight for Equality

Vivien Teasdale

First published in Great Britain in 2018 by

Pen & Sword HISTORY

An imprint of

Pen & Sword Books Ltd

Yorkshire Philadelphia

Copyright Vivien Teasdale, 2018

ISBN 978 1 52671 278 3

eISBN 978 1 52671 280 6

Mobi ISBN 978 1 52671 279 0

The right of Vivien Teasdale to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.

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Contents

Acknowledgements

So many people are involved in the production of a book its difficult to know where to start when trying to acknowledge their help. My thanks go to the staff at the West Yorkshire Archive Service, Kirklees who are unfailingly helpful in producing research material and suggesting further research, as are the staff at the University of Huddersfield archives. My thanks also to the staff at the local studies library, Huddersfield, for their support.

I very much appreciated the help of Kath Croft, Mr and Mrs Dixon, Eileen Chilvers and Neville Sheard for giving me their time, family stories and photographs, which always enhance any historical account. Dave Pattern ( Huddersfield Exposed ) and David Ford (Huddersfield Industrial Society) gave me permission to use illustrations from their work. Andrew Hirst at the Huddersfield Examiner for his help in finding the story of the NSPA and for permission to use the NSPA photograph. Maps appear with acknowledgement to the Ordnance Survey. Other photographs and illustrations are from the authors collection.

The staff at Pen & Sword have been very helpful in answering my queries and providing support through the publishing process.

As always, I rely heavily on the support of friends and family for their encouragement and endless supplies of cups of tea. My thanks to all of them.

Introduction

The years between 1850 and 1950 probably saw greater changes in the lives of women than at any other time in history. Changes in working life, in family life, in legal status and in how they could spend their leisure time all developed and enhanced womens lives. In this they were aided by some men, held back and castigated by others. Many women too did not approve of these changes and opposed the women who agitated for reform. While gaining the franchise was only a part of the changes women demanded, it was probably the most important because when women entered political life it gave them an official voice in the government of the country, in proposing and scrutinising laws that affected them as well as men.

Much of the impact of the changes depended on what part of society you belonged to. Class, as well as gender, affected where you lived, what jobs were available, what, if any, education you received and, particularly for women, how you lived your life and ran the household. The average life expectancy for someone in the upper classes in 1890 was 60 years of age; for the working classes it was 35. Middle-class death rate for babies was four in every hundred. For the working-class, thirty-three in every hundred babies died before their first birthday.

This book is intended as an introduction to a fascinating but very wide-ranging subject, giving an overview of the different areas in which womens lives have been transformed and why they changed, rather than an in-depth study of one or two aspects of the subject. It also acknowledges the huge contribution to those changes wrought by many women in Huddersfield, such as Emily Siddon, Mary Blamires and Mary Sykes. It is hoped this book will point the way to further reading or study, helping to give a broad understanding of how far womens lives have altered and how much they needed to change over the timescale. Many more changes have been enacted since 1950, though there are still inequalities that need to be addressed.

Wage/price comparison

Comparing wages and prices is necessarily difficult because so much depends on finding consistent information. The tables below give an approximate idea of the wages earned for various occupations and what those wages might buy. There would, of course, have been many variations within each category.

CHAPTER ONE

Family Life

Marriage

The Victorians defined a womans sphere of influence as being domestic, while a mans was public. By 1850, many men could vote, they could enter any job for which they were fit by education, background or wealth. They could own property and sue in the courts for any damage to their property. On marriage, they became the legal owners of their wives and any income or possessions they had. They could beat them, rape them, lock them up and take away their children.

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