Darcy Pattison - Eclipse: How the 1919 Solar Eclipse Proved Einsteins Theory of Relativity

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ECLIPSE: How the 1919 Solar Eclipse Proved Einsteins Theory of General Rela vity

Wri en by Darcy Pa son

Illustrated by Peter Willis

Text copyright 2019 by Darcy Pa son.

Illustra ons copyright 2019 by Mims House.

All rights reserved.

Publishers Cataloging-in-Publica on Data

Names: Pa son, Darcy, author. | Willis, Peter, illustrator.

Title: Eclipse : how the 1919 solar eclipse proved Einsteins theory of general rela vity / wri en by Darcy

Pa son and illustrated by Peter Willis.

Series: Moments in Science

Descrip on: Li le Rock, AR: Mims House, 2019.

Summary: Bri sh astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington photographed the 1919 solar eclipse to prove

Einsteins theory of general rela vity by demonstra ng that the suns gravity could pull and bend light.

Iden ers: ISBN 9781629441252 (hardcover) | 9781629441269 (paperback) | 9781629441276 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH General rela vity (Physics)--Juvenile literature. | Rela vity (Physics)--Juvenile literature. |

Gravity--Juvenile literature. | Gravita on--Juvenile literature. | Solar eclipses--1919--Juvenile literature. |

Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir, 1882-1944--Juvenile literature. | Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955--Juvenile liter-

ature. | Astrophysics--History--20th century--Juvenile literature. | Physics--History--20th century--Juvenile

literature. | Astronomy--History--20th century--Juvenile literature. | BISAC JUVENILE NONFICTION /

Science & Nature / Physics | JUVENILE NONFICTION / Science & Nature / History of Science

Classi ca on: LCC QC173.585 .P38 2019 | DDC 530.11--dc23

SOURCES:

Dyson, F. W., A.S. Eddington, and C. Davidson. A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Suns Gravitational Field, from

Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Con-

taining Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character, Vol. 220 (1920), pp. 291-333. http://www.jstor.org/stable/91137

Kennefick, Daniel. Not Only Because of Theory: Dyson, Eddington and the Competing Myths of the 1919 Eclipse Expedition.-

Paper presented at the 7th Conference on the History of General Relativity, Tenerife, Spain, 2005. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/

papers/0709/0709.0685.pdf.

Kennefick, Daniel. Personal letter and emails to author, April 2019.

Its a scientific fact . During

a rainstorm , you cant see

the sun , the moon , or

the stars . Or a solar eclipse .

WHAT IS AN ECLIPSE ?

During an eclipse , the moons shadow

makes part of the earth dark . As the

moon travels across the suns path ,

the sun looks like a shrinking crescent .

Finally , the sun is totally black with only

a corona , or glowing light , around the

edge . When the sun is totally blocked

by the moon , its called the totality .

Totality only lasts a couple of minutes .

As the moon keeps moving , the sun is

a growing crescent un l the moon has

completely passed . To see an eclipse ,

you must travel to the places where the

moons shadow falls . And hope the skies

are clear .

British astronomer , or star

scientist , Stanley Eddington

needed to see the May ,

1919 solar eclipse . He planned

to photograph distant stars

during the eclipse and change

science forever .

SIR ARTHUR STANLEY

EDDINGTON ( 1882 1944 ),

known as Stanley , was a Brish

astrophysicist , a scienst who studies

the stars and physics . A Quaker ,

he was a conscienous objector

to World War I . He was excused

from military service because of his

astronomy work . Stanley was the

head of the Cambridge Observatory .

He joined Frank Dyson , the director

of the Greenwich Observatory , to

plan an expedion to Prncipe Island

to photograph the 1919 solar eclipse .

Stanley was also known for his work

on what makes up the insides of

stars , the luminosity of stars , and

other theories .

His plans to photograph

the 1919 solar eclipse

started four years

earlier . German scientist

Albert Einstein was

studying how forces

objects in space . On

November , 1915 ,

Einstein explained to other

scientists his new theory

of general relativity .

and

and

WHAT IS A THEORY?

A theory is an explana on of

something in science . When

a theory is rst developed , it

might later be proved to be a

scien c fact , or not . A theory

needs observa ons , experiments ,

and other evidence to prove it .

Developing and tes ng theories is

what science is all about .

Earth

Path of starlight

Real location

of star

A

pparent

location

of star

Gravity is a force that p

u l l s an object toward

another object .

At the time , scientists

thought that light traveled

in a straight line . But

Einstein said something

startling . He said that the

suns huge gravity pulled

and bent light . To prove

his new theory , he needed

observations from an

astronomer like

Stanley Eddington .

u l l s

EXAMPLE OF GRAVITY

Earth has a strong gravity . If you

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