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Charles Bracelen Flood - Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War

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Charles Bracelen Flood Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War
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We were as brothers, William Tecumseh Sherman said, describing his relationship to Ulysses S. Grant. They were incontestably two of the most important figures in the Civil War, but until now there has been no book about their victorious partnership and the deep friendship that made it possible.
They were prewar failures--Grant, forced to resign from the Regular Army because of his drinking, and Sherman, who held four different jobs, including a beloved position at a military academy in the South, during the four years before the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter. But heeding the call to save the Union each struggled past political hurdles to join the war effort. And taking each others measure at the Battle of Shiloh, ten months into the war, they began their unique collaboration. Often together under fire on the wars great battlefields, they smoked cigars as they gave orders and learned from their mistakes as well as from their shrewd decisions. They shared the demands of family life and the heartache of loss, including the tragic death of Shermanss favorite son. They supported each other in the face of mudslinging criticism by the press and politicians. Their growing mutual admiration and trust, which President Lincoln increasingly relied upon, would set the stage for the crucial final year of the war. While Grant battled with Lee in the campaigns that ended at Appomattox Court House, Sherman first marched through Georgia to Atlanta, and then continued with his epic March to the Sea. Not only did Grant and Sherman come to think alike, but, even though their headquarters at that time were hundreds of miles apart, they were in virtually daily communication strategizing the final moves of the war and planning how to win the peace that would follow.
Moving and elegantly written, Grant and Sherman is an historical page turner: a gripping portrait of two men, whose friendship, forged on the battlefield, would win the Civil War.

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To my wife Katherine Burnam Flood and to our children Caperton Lucy and - photo 1
To my wife, Katherine Burnam Flood,
and to our children, Caperton, Lucy, and Curtis
Grant and Shermans Western Theater of War 1861-1863
As soon as real war begins new men heretofore unheard of will emerge from - photo 2
As soon as real war begins, new men, heretofore unheard of, will emerge from obscurity, equal to any occasion.
William Tecumseh Sherman, six weeks before Bull Run



I knew wherever I was that you thought of me, and if I got in a tight place you would come if alive.
Sherman to Grant, March 10, 1864, summing up their successful Western campaigns



But what next? I suppose it will be safe if I leave General Grant and yourself to decide.
Abraham Lincoln to Sherman, after congratulating him on his capture of Savannah, Christmas 1864



He stood by me when I was crazy and I stood by him when he was drunk, and now, sir, we stand by each other always.
Sherman, speaking of Grant



I know him well as one of the greatest purest and best of men. He is poor and always will be, but he is great and magnanimous.
Grant, praising Sherman in a letter to Jesse Grant, his father



We were as brothers, I the older man in years, he the higher in rank.
Sherman, summing up their friendship
Table of Contents
Shiloh, April 6, 1862
Shiloh April 7 1862 Siege of Vicksburg May 18July 4 1863 - photo 3
Shiloh, April 7, 1862
Siege of Vicksburg May 18July 4 1863 Battles at Chattanooga November - photo 4
Siege of Vicksburg, May 18July 4, 1863
Battles at Chattanooga November 23-25 1863 Grant Battles Lee in - photo 5
Battles at Chattanooga, November 23-25, 1863
Grant Battles Lee in Virginia 1864-1865 Shermans Marches 1864-1865 - photo 6
Grant Battles Lee in Virginia, 1864-1865
Shermans Marches 1864-1865 In the early hours of April 7 - photo 7
Shermans Marches, 1864-1865
In the early hours of April 7 1862 after the terrible first day of the Battle - photo 8


In the early hours of April 7, 1862, after the terrible first day of the Battle of Shiloh, Brigadier General William Tecumseh Sherman came through the darkness to where his superior, Major General Ulysses S. Grant, stood in the rain. Sherman had reached the conclusion that the Union forces under Grants command could not endure another day like the one just ended. When the massive Confederate surprise attack on the vast federal encampment beside the Tennessee River began at dawn on April 6, Grants command had numbered thirty-seven thousand men. Now seven thousand of those were killed or wounded, another three thousand were captured, and more than five thousand were huddled along the bank of the river, demoralized and useless as soldiers. Sherman, who had been wounded in the hand earlier in the battle, was coming to tell Grant that he thought they should use the transport vessels near them at Pittsburg Landing to evacuate their forces so that they could put the river between us and the enemy, and recuperate.
Sherman found Grant alone, under a tree. Hurt in a fall from a horse on a muddy road a few days before, Grant was leaning on a crutch and held a lantern. He had a lit cigar clenched in his teeth, and rain dripped from the brim of his hat. Looking at the determined expression on Grants bearded face, Sherman found himself moved by some wise and sudden instinct not to mention retreat and used a more tentative approach. Well, Grant, he said, weve had the devils own day of it, havent we?
Yes, Grant said quietly in the rainy darkness, and drew on his cigar. Lick em tomorrow though.
That was the end of any thought of retreat. At first light, Grant threw his entire force at the Confederates under General P.G.T. Beauregard, and after a second bloody day, Grant, with Sherman right beside him, had won the biggest Northern victory of the Civil Wars first year. The author and Confederate soldier George Washington Cable wrote, The South never smiled after Shiloh.

Shiloh was a great victory in itself, but that meeting in the rain symbolizes something more. Enormous military and political results flowed from the friendship between Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman, two men who had been obscure failures before the Civil War. Their relationship as superior and subordinate began when they moved toward the Battle of Shiloh, which took place ten months into the conflict. At Shiloh they came together on the field, and here Grant and Sherman took each others measure under fire and began two years of successful cooperation and friendship. They separated in the final year of the war to lead armies in different areas, but though their headquarters were hundreds of miles apart, they remained in virtually constant contact by what was then known as the magnetic telegraph. Throughout the war, each supported the others efforts in every way; each furthered and on occasion saved the others career.
In some ways the two men were different. Grant, whom a fellow officer described as plain as an old stove, was reserved in manner and worked with decisive inner power. A man who knew Sherman described his torrential energy: He is never quiet. His fingers nervously twitch his whiskers One moment his legs are crossed, and the next both are on the floor. He sits a moment, then paces the floor.
Sherman was an intellectual, widely read in military history and theory. Early in the war, Sherman, greatly talented but insecure, asked President Abraham Lincoln to agree that he would remain as second in command in a specific assignment and not have to lead it. By contrast, Grant operated on military intuition, thinking boldly and acting with quiet confidence: another officer said that Grant looked as if he had determined to drive his head through a brick wall, and was about to do it. (As Grant advanced into Confederate territory, Abraham Lincoln said of him, When Grant once gets possession of a place, he holds on to it as if he had inherited it.)
Grant needed a gifted and effective subordinate, and at first Sherman needed a man to give him orders and then stand by him, no matter what. And each needed a friend. They worked together for twenty-three months, planning, consuming countless cigars, learning the lessons taught them by their battles and campaigns.
At that point, in March of 1864, Lincoln summoned Grant east to assume command of all the Union armies and to oppose Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia during the final year of the war. Before they parted, Grant and Sherman agreed on what each had to do next. Grant would attack Lee in northern Virginia, working to outflank Lee until he could break through Lees extended and continually thinning lines. Sherman would march southeast from Chattanooga, Tennessee, disemboweling the South.
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