Ken Mochizuki - Michi Challenges History: From Farm Girl to Costume Designer to Relentless Seeker of the Truth: The Life of Michi Nishiura Weglyn

That she become more well known: Michi Nishiura Weglyn, fighter for the forgotten ones

Issei

The first generation of Japanese in the United States, immigrants who were prohibited until 1952 from becoming U.S. citizens.

Nisei

The second generation, children of the Issei, born in the United States and therefore U.S. citizens.

Kibei

Nisei born in the United States, sent to Japan to be educatedthere, then returned to America.

Sansei

The third generation, children of the Nisei, grandchildren of the Issei.

Chapter 1

...... Until we extend: Michi Nishiura Weglyn, Text of Commencement Address Delivered at the College of Arts, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, June 12, 1993, Michi Weglyn Collection, Japanese American National Museum (JANM), Los Angeles.

...... Michiko Nishiura grew up on a farm... water reached where she stood: Shapiro, Michi, 46465; Kapitanoff and Yamato, Out of Infamy; Hong, Notable Asian Americans, 41112.

...... Tomojiro Nishiura, Michikos father... Tomiko came along: Weglyn, Biographical Data, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM; Kapitanoff and Yamato, Out of Infamy.

...... As a girl... good impressions about her: Shapiro, Michi, 46566; Hong, Notable Asian Americans, 411; Kapitanoff and Yamato, Out of Infamy; Christy, So You Have a Figure Problem?

...... Michiko Nishiura of Excelsior School: The American Legion Certificate of School Award, June 10, 1940, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... Together with... most popular student: Shapiro, Michi, 46869.

Chapter 2

This, under the circumstances: Wegleyn, Michi Nishiura. Introduction by James A. Michener. Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of Americas Concentration Camps, 21. Copyright 1996. This and subsequent quotations from this work reprinted with permission of the University of Washington Press.

...... Luckily, her teacher: Shapiro, Michi, 466.

...... Michiko and Tomiko awoke: Ibid.

...... It authorized: Weglyn, Years of Infamy, 69.

...... The date when the family: Shapiro, Michi, 466; General Services Administration, Wartime Internment of Nishiura Family, November 1, 1978, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM; McCarthy, Exposed:Americas World War II Concentration Camps.

...... One stranger proposed: Shapiro, Michi, 467.

...... U.S. Army soldiers... for Japanese Americans: Burton et al., Confinementand Ethnicity, 37778; Brian Niiya, Turlock (Detention Facility), Densho Encyclopedia, last revised December 30, retrieved on November 10, 2021, from 2020, https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Turlock_%28detention_facility%29/.

...... Some exploded in outrage... would the war go on?: Stone, Peace Is a ChainReaction, 50; Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied, 13548; Weglyn, Years of Infamy, 21.

Chapter 3

...... I despise deserts: Shapiro, Michi, 470.

...... After over three months: Shapiro, Michi, 46768.

...... Finally, they arrived... and mouths: Shapiro, Michi, 468; Burton et al., Confinement and Ethnicity, 5961; Kapitanoff and Yamato, Out of Infamy.

...... Skilled professionals... made $12: Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied, 166.

...... Tomojiro became sick: Shapiro, Michi, 468; What Is Valley Fever?, WebMD, medically reviewed May 10, 2021, https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/valley-fever# 1.

...... school was held: Burton et al., Confinement and Ethnicity, 6667.

...... She began to speak out: Shapiro, Michi, 46869.

...... pay for their uniforms: Ibid.; Michi Weglyn to Frank Chin, n.d., Densho Digital Repository/CSU Japanese American History Digitization Project, https://ddr.densho.org/media/ddr-csujad-24/ddr-csujad-2490-mezzanine-e404587734.pdf.

...... Eleanor Roosevelt wrote an essay... coddling ever addressed: Burton et al., Confinement and Ethnicity, 1924; Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, Speech and Article File, 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum; Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, A Challenge to American Sportsmanship, Colliers, October 16, 1943.

Chapter 4

...... At Gila, I was trying: Shapiro, Michi, 469.

...... We hope by means: High Schools of Arizona to Participate in Events, GirlsLeague Gazette, Butte High School, April 15, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... Discussions were conducted: 12 Schools Represented in State Confab Held at Butte, Gila News-Courier,April 8, 1942, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... Despite her fear: Ruth E. Thompson, Michi Weglyn, Ex-Como Show Designer, Now an Author, Eldorado Daily Journal, July 30, 1976, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... With poise: Nishiura, Yamamoto Winners in Colony-Wide Oratorical, GilaNews-Courier, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... Around that same time: Three Students Named Winners, Gila News-Courier, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... There can be no... toward men: For Interracial Tolerance, Commission on World Peace, April 4, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... the most outstanding girl: Butte Scholar Awarded $1,100 Offer to College, Gila News-Courier, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... those high qualities: The American Legion Certificate of School Award, June 8, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... An organization called: Mochizuki, Minidoka Memoirs:The Untold Story from theYoshito Fujii Files, 1101 1.

...... a lengthy, dense epic: Evangeline, Wikipedia, accessed November 10, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline.

...... From the very first day: Years Flight 1944, Butte High School, Gila River War Relocation Center, Rivers, Arizona, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... Go where no one else: History, Mount Holyoke, accessed November 10, 2021, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/about/history.

...... was refused service: Shapiro, Michi, 470.

...... tuition and fees plus $260: Butte Scholar Awarded $1,100 Offer to College, Gila News-Courier, 1944, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... A scary thought: Shapiro, Michi, 470.

Chapter 5

...... From that moment on: Michi, Comos Costume Creator, KraftCameraman, 1962, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... big sister: Thompson, Michi Weglyn, Ex-Como Show Designer.

...... They were as dear to me: Ibid.

...... One of her professors: Josephine Sakurai, Evolution: Biology to Stage Costume Design, Hokubei Shimpo,April 2, 1953, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... The forest set: Frances Unger, D.C. Review, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.

...... continued applause: She Joins Chol Soo Battle, Is Convinced Hes Innocent, The Joong-ang Daily News,April 11, 1981, Michi Weglyn Collection, JANM.