The Renaissance is not so much a period of history as the repository of the myths we have created about western civilization.
Roger Osborne, Civilization
Am I politic, am I subtle, am I a Machiavel?
William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor
In Italy for thirty years under the Borgias they had warfare, terror, murder and bloodshed, but they produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and the Renaissance. In Switzerland they had brotherly love; they had five hundred years of democracy and peaceand what did that produce? The cuckoo clock.
Orson Welles in The Third Man
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List of Illustrations
Leonardo da Vinci, Ginevra de Benci, Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund, Image courtesy of the Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington
RL 12432Leonardo da Vinci, Studies of a youth and machinery. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
Leonardo da Vinci (14521519): Scheme of the proportions of the human body or the Vitruvian man. Venice, Accademia. 1990. Photo Scala, Florencecourtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali
Icosidodecahedron, from De Divina Proportione by Luca Pacioli, published 1509, Venice (engraving) (b/w photo) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519), Bibliothque Nationale, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library
Study of a Hanged Man: Bernardo Baroncelli, assassin of Giuliano de Medici, 1479 (pen & ink on paper) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519) Muse Bonnat, Bayonne, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library
Three sketches of Cesare Borgias head by Leonardo, courtesy of the Alinari Archives, Turin
Nodding donkey digging machine. Facsimile of Codex Atlanticus f.iv-b Excavating Machine (original copy in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, 1503/47) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519). Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library
RL 12647Leonardo da Vinci, An artillery park. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
RL 12284Leonardo da Vinci, Plan of Imola. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
Design for a Hodometer, from the Codex Atlanticus, 14781519 (pen and ink on paper) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519), Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy/The Bridgeman Art Library
Leonardo da Vinci, from Notebook 88A, courtesy of Dices/The Victoria & Albert Museum, London
RL 12278Leonardo da Vinci, Recto: Birds-eye view showing Arezzo, Borghosan Sepolcro, Chiusi and Siena. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
Map of Sinigallia drawn by Reginald Piggott
Pera bridge design by Leonardo da Vinci Photo RMNGerard Blot
Leonardo da Vinci (14521519): Drawing from the period of the Battle of Anghiari (facsimile). Florence, Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe degli Uffizi. 1990. Photo Scala, Florencecourtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali
Page from a notebook showing figures fighting on horseback and on foot (sepia ink on linen paper) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519), Galleria dell Accademia, Venice, Italy/Cameraphoto Arte Venezia/The Bridgeman Art Library
Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II The National Gallery, London
Mona Lisa, c.15036 (oil on panel) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519), Louvre, Paris, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library
Illustration of the diversion of the River Arno drawn by Reginald Piggott
Facsimile of Codex Atlanticus f.iv-b Excavating Machine (original copy in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, 1503/47) by Vinci, Leonardo da (14521519) Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library
La Bataille dAnghiari dit aussi Le Combat pour ltenard. Rubens, Pierre Paul (15771646). Paris, Muse de Louvre RMNMichelle Bellot
RL 12726Leonardo da Vinci, after A Portrait of Leonardo. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
RL 19095Leonardo da Vinci, Recto: Drawing of external genitalia & vagina, with notes. The Royal Collection 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
Maps drawn by Reginald Piggott.
Map of Italy c.1500
Central Italy c.1500
Timeline
1452 | Leonardo da Vinci born at Vinci, near Florence |
1466 | Leonardo leaves Vinci and is apprenticed to Verrocchio |
1469 | Niccol Machiavelli born in Florence |
1475 | Cesare Borgia born near Rome |
1477 | Leonardo sets up his own studio |
1482 | Leonardo leaves Florence for Milan |
1490 | Leonardo enters the service of Ludovico Sforza |
1492 | Death of Lorenzo the Magnificent |
| Cesare Borgias father Rodrigo becomes Pope Alexander VI |
| Eighteen-year-old Cesare Borgia becomes a cardinal |
| Charles VIII invades Italy; Piero de Medici flees Florence Instigation of Savonarolas City of God in Florence |
| Murder of Cesare Borgias younger brother Juan, Duke of Gandia Cesare Borgia renounces the cardinalate and is appointed gonfaloniere of the papal forces |
| Machiavelli becomes secretary to the Second Chancery in the new republican government after the fall of Savonarola |
| Borgia travels to the court of Louis XII and is married Louis XII invades Milan; Leonardo flees |
| Machiavelli sent on his first missions for the Florentine |
| government |
| Borgia launches his first Romagna campaign |
1500 | Leonardo back in Florence |
| Machiavelli sent on a mission to the French court of Louis XII Borgia launches his second Romagna campaign, menacing Florence |
| Machiavelli marries Marietta Corsini |
| Borgia launches his third Romagna campaign Machiavellis first encounter with Cesare Borgia at Urbino Leonardo enters the service of Cesare Borgia Piero Soderini made gonfaloniere for life in Florence Machiavelli sent as an envoy to Borgia in the Romagna |
1503 | Machiavelli returns to Florence |
| Leonardo leaves the service of Borgia and returns to Florence |
| Death of Alexander VI |
| Machiavelli travels to Rome to observe the papal elections after |
| the death of Pius III |
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