Paul Maddrell - The Image of the Enemy: Intelligence Analysis of Adversaries since 1945

THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY

INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS OF ADVERSARIES SINCE 1945

PAUL MADDRELL

Editor

2015 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The image of the enemy : intelligence analysis of adversaries since 1945 / Paul Maddrell, editor.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-62616-239-6 pb : alk. paperISBN 978-1-62616-238-9 hc : alk. paperISBN 978-1-62616-240-2 eb

1. Intelligence serviceCase studies. I. Maddrell, Paul, editor.

JF1525.I6I43 2015
327.12dc23

2015001488

This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.

16 15 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First printing

Printed in the United States of America

Cover design by Beth Schlenoff

This book is dedicated to the memory
of the late Professor Ernest R. May,
an outstanding historian and pioneer
in the study of intelligence.

BAFT: Bureau of Alcohol, Firearms, and Tobacco (United States)

BND: Bundesnachrichtendienst (West German Federal Intelligence Service)

BNE: Board of National Estimates (United States)

CBW: chemical/biological weapon

CDU/CSU: Christlich-Demokratische Union / Christlich-Soziale Union (Christian Democratic Union / Christian Social Union, West Germany)

CGA-OT: coordinator of government activities in the Occupied Territories (Israel)

CGS: Chief of the General Staff (Pakistan)

CIA: Central Intelligence Agency (United States)

CIMP: Commission of Inquiry on Missing Persons (Pakistan)

Comecon: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

CPGB: Communist Party of Great Britain

CPSU: Communist Party of the Soviet Union

CSCE: Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

CTC: Counterterrorism Center (of the CIAs DO)

DCI: director of Central Intelligence (the director of the CIA who from 1947 to 2005 also presided over the entire US intelligence community and coordinated its work)

DG: Director-General

DGB: Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (German Trade Union Confederation, West Germany)

DI: Directorate of Intelligence (of the CIA)

DIA: Defense Intelligence Agency (United States)

DNI: director of National Intelligence (who since 2005 has presided over the entire US intelligence community and coordinated its work)

DO: Directorate of Operations (of the CIA)

EEC: European Economic Community (also known as the EC: European Community)

EIG: Egyptian Islamic Group

EIJ: Egyptian Islamic Jihad

EU: European Union

FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation (United States)

FDP: Freie Demokratische Partei (Free Democratic Party, West Germany)

FRG: Federal Republic of Germany (otherwise known as West Germany)

FSF: Federal Security Force (Pakistan)

GDR: German Democratic Republic (otherwise known as East Germany)

Gestapo: Secret State Police (of Germany under Nazi rule)

GHQ: General Headquarters (Pakistan)

GRU: Main Intelligence Directorate (of the Soviet army)

GSOTG/GSFG: Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany; later known as the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany

HM: Hizb-ul Mujahideen (Party of Holy Warriors, Pakistan and Kashmir)

HUMINT: human intelligence

HVA: Hauptverwaltung Aufklrung (Main Intelligence Directorate, Ministry for State Security, East Germany)

IB: Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)

IC: US intelligence community

ICBM: intercontinental ballistic missile

IDF: Israel Defense Forces

IMF: International Monetary Fund

IMINT: imagery intelligence

INLA: Irish National Liberation Army (United Kingdom)

INR: Bureau of Intelligence (of the State Department of the United States)

IRTPA: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (United States)

ISI: Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (Pakistan)

JEM: Jaish-e Mohamed (The Army of Mohammed, Pakistan and Kashmir)

JIC: Joint Intelligence Committee (United Kingdom)

KGB: Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti (Committee for State Security, Soviet Union)

KIT: Key Intelligence Topics (Israel)

LeT: Lashkar-e Toiba (The Army of the Righteous, Pakistan and Kashmir)

LOC: Line of Control (between India and Pakistan)

MAD: mutually assured destruction

MfS/Stasi: Ministerium fr Staatssicherheit (Ministry for State Security, East Germany)

M/H: Memorandum for Holders (United States)

MI: Directorate for Military Intelligence (Pakistan)

MID/AMAN: Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)

MIRV: multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle

Mossad: Institute for Intelligence and Special Duties (Israeli foreign intelligence service)

MQM: Muhajir Qaumi Mahaz (Muhajir Qaumi Movement, Pakistan)

NACTA: National Counter Terrorism Authority (Pakistan)

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NCTC: National Counterterroism Center (United States)

ESA: Office of Near East and South Asian Analysis (of the CIA)

NFIB: National Foreign Intelligence Board (United States)

NCO: Noncommissioned Officers

NGO: nongovernmental organization

NIC: National Intelligence Council (United States)

NIE: National Intelligence Estimate (United States)

NIO: national intelligence officer (United States)

NSA: National Security Agency (United States)

NSC: National Security Council (United States; also Pakistan)

NVA: Nationale Volksarmee (National Peoples Army, East Germany)

OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

ONE: Office of National Estimates (United States)

Org.: Gehlen Organization (West Germany)

OTA: Office of Terrorism Analysis (of the CIAs CTC)

PA: Palestinian Authority

PDB: Presidents Daily Brief (United States)

PFIAB: Presidents Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (United States)

PGU: First Chief Directorate (of the KGB)

PHOTINT: photographic intelligence

PIRA: Provisional Irish Republican Army (United Kingdom)

PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization

PPP: Pakistan Peoples Party

RAF: Red Army Faction (West Germany)

RAW: Research and Analysis Wing (India)

RSHA: Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Main Office, Nazi Germany)

RUC: Royal Ulster Constabulary (United Kingdom)

RYaN/VRYaN: Nuclear-Missile Attack / Surprise Nuclear-Missile Attack

SALT I: Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons

SALT II: Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms

SAPMO-BA: Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv (Foundation Archive of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR in the Federal Archive, Germany)

SBZ: Sowjetische Besatzungszone (Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany)

SD: Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, of the SS, Nazi Germany)

SDI: Strategic Defense Initiative

SED: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party, East Germany)

SEIB: Senior Executive Intelligence Brief (United States)