James P. Brennan - Peronism and Argentina (Latin American Silhouettes)
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Peronism and Argentina (Latin American Silhouettes)
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Peronism and Argentina examines the history, origins, and contemporary directions of Peronism, the most important populist movement in twentieth-century Latin America. Written from an introductory and interdisciplinary perspective, this volume includes contributions from historians, political scientists, and sociologists. These provocative essays clarify many misconceptions about the nature of Peronism and explain how the movement has been interpreted by intellectuals and how it has influenced Argentine politics and civil society over the last half century. Peronism and Argentina also includes essays on the present Peronist government under Carlos Menem?s rule.
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Peronism--History, Argentina--Politics and government--1943- , Social movements--Argentina--History--20th century.
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
F2849.P492 1998eb
ddc
:
982.06
subject
:
Peronism--History, Argentina--Politics and government--1943- , Social movements--Argentina--History--20th century.
Page iii
Peronism and Argentina
Edited By James P. Brennan
A Scholarly Resources Inc. Imprint Wilmington. Delaware
Page iv
1998 by Scholarly Resources Inc. All rights reserved First published 1998 Printed and bound in the United States of America
Scholarly Resources Inc.104 Greenhill Avenue Wilmington, DE 19805-1897
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Peronism and Argentina / edited by James P. Brennan. p. cm. - (Latin American silhouettes) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8420-2706-8 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Peronism-History. 2. Argentina-Politics and government-1943- 3. Social movements-Argentina History-20th century. I. Brennan, James P., 1955-. II. Series. F2849.P492 1998 982.06-dc21 97-46486 CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for permanence of paper for printed library materials, Z39.48, 1984.
Page v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The genesis of this book was a conference held on Peronism that was organized by Juan Carlos Torre and myself at Harvard University in 1990. The assistance and encouragement of several people allowed us to make the long journey from conference papers to book a number of years later. All the contributors would like to thank Richard M. Hopper of Scholarly Resources for his support of the project. I would personally like to extend my gratitude to Tulio Halperin Donghi for reading the manuscript, offering useful criticisms, and encouraging me to pursue publication. A final note of thanks goes to Gabriel Ondetti for skillfully editing my English translations of the chapters written in Spanish.
Page vii
CONTENTS
Introduction
ix
I The Intellectual Debate
1 Interpretations of Peronism: Old Frameworks and New Perspectives
Cristin Buchrucker
3
2 The Changing Perceptions of Peronism: A Review Essay
Mariano Plotkin
29
II Peronism and Argentine Society
3 From Rebellion to Rupture: Peronist Party Politics in Neuqun, 1961-1973
Mara Fernanda Arias
57
4 Industrialists and Bolicheros: Business and the Peronist Populist Alliance, 1943-1976
James P. Brennan
79
5 The Ambivalent Giant: The Peronist Labor Movement, 1945-1995
Juan Carlos Torre
125
III The Metamorphosis of Peronism
6 The Origins of Menemismo
Vicente Palermo
141
7 Reviewing the Past and Inventing the Present: The Steelworkers of Villa Constitucin and Menemismo, 1989-1992
Mara Cecilia Cangiano
177
Page viii
8 The Transformations of Peronism
Torcuato Di Tella
203
Selected Bibliography
223
Index
225
About the Contributors
233
Page ix
INTRODUCTION
In 1943 a military government that would rule Argentina for nearly the next three years seized power. One member of that government, Col. Juan Domingo Pern, would eventually come to have a preponderant influence among the country's new military leaders, largely because of the close relationship that he established with the country's working class and trade union movement. With the support of those sectors and with his charismatic wife, Evita, for almost a decade, from 1946 to 1955, Pern as president exercised the kind of power that few twentieth-century Latin American political leaders have ever known. He transformed Argentina's political culture and made deep changes, not all of them beneficial, in the country's economic structure, social relations, and politics. The Argentine historian Tulio Halperin Donghi has spoken of a "Peronist revolution," a statement that might appear historical hyperbole but which, if seen from the perspective of the Argentines themselves, gains a certain credibility.1 Certainly, the movement that Pern created would occupy a central place in Argentine national life for a half-century.
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for permanence of paper for printed library materials, Z39.48, 1984.