coll. - Crime, Punishment, and Policing in China

Crime, Punishment,
and Policing
in China

Crime, Punishment, and Policing in China

edited by Brge Bakken

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EDITED BY BRGE BAKKEN

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Published in the United States of America

by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.

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Copyright 2005 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

First paperback edition 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available

The hardback edition of this book was previously cataloged by the Library of Congress as follows:

Crime, punishment, and policing in China / [edited by] Brge Bakken.

p. cm. (Asia/Pacific/Perspectives)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. CrimeChina. 2. PunishmentChina. 3. PrisonsChina. 4. PoliceChina. I. Bakken, Brge. II. Series.

HV7118.5.C76 2005

364.951dc22

2004025864

ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-3574-9 (cloth : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-7425-3574-6 (cloth : alk. paper)

ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-3575-6 (pbk : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-7425-3575-4 (pbk : alk. paper)

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.

Brge Bakken

Frank Diktter

Brge Bakken

Michael Dutton and Xu Zhangrun

James D. Seymour

Murray Scot Tanner

Michael Dutton

FIGURES

TABLES

The present project began to take form at a workshop at the University of Oslo, Norway, as far back as 1999. The plan back then was to make papers from that workshop into a book comparing crime, policing, and punishment in Europe and China. That particular project was since scrapped (although not entirely forgotten), but some of the participants stayed in touch, and after a long and winding process of deliberation, the core group of China scholars at that workshop instead wrote entirely new papers for this anthology on crime, prison, and punishment in China. While China became the center of attention and the comparative aspirations were put aside in their original form, we still have comparison in mind, hoping to reach readers both inside and outside the China field.

I moved from Scandinavia to Australia in the process, and the work of compiling this book took place at the Division of Pacific and Asian History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra.

I would like to thank each one of the participants for their contributions and their patience. Mark Seiden deserves a special thank you for support and encouragement at a time when the project seemed to come to a halt. Three anonymous readers of the manuscript gave insightful and useful comments on the individual articles, and the staff here at the history division gave invaluable technical help. Lastly, I am indebted to the ANU Publications Committee who granted a much-welcome subsidy to assist in the final publication of this book.

Brge Bakken
Australian National University
Canberra, October 2004

BRGE BAKKEN

Crime has been a silent partner in Chinese modernization. Law and order have been as central to the regimes priorities as economic growth and the promise of prosperity. This volume examines and theorizes the social, economic, political, legal, and practical parameters of crime and control, locating them within a broader milieu of development and transition. This is a novel approach in the case of China. The book analyzes historical and cultural contexts as well as offering broader comparative observations. Context is a key word, as crime and control are at the roots of modernity and its definitions. In many ways China is reliving the experiences of other industrializing countries in this respect. At the same time the practices of police and prisons are also painted with thick layers of historical memory. Comparative efforts must be balanced with the efforts to understand the unique quality of the Chinese situation. In the descriptions of campaign policing and contract policing we see approaches to control in a unique Chinese setting. While some chapters focus on the uniqueness in the Chinese approaches to crime and control, other chapters link the analysis to general criminological theory in order to demystify the developments in China. Cultural and historical context does not prevent a general comparative perspective. On the contrary, it strengthens our basis for comparison and deepens our understanding of the Chinese experiences.