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One of the small group of tribes comprising the Illinois division of the Algonquian linguistic family, the Miamis emerged as a pivotal tribe only during the French and British imperial wars, the Miami Confederacy wars of the eighteenth century, and the treaty-making period of the nineteenth century.The Miamis reached their peak of political importance in the Indian confederacies which blocked the Northwest Territory in the 1790s and during the War of 1812. Their title to much of the present state of Indiana enabled them to make advantageous treaties and delay emigration until the late 1840s.The tribes 1846-47 emigrations produced two branches, the Indiana group and the Kansas-Oklahoma group, which have maintained political co-operation in spite of deep-seated cultural antipathies and dispossession. Their solidarity has been rewarded by success in their suits before the United States Court of Claims.This account spans the years from 1658 to the present, emphasizing the occasions on which the Miamis were a decisive influence on the course of American history.
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The Miami Indians Civilization of the American Indian Series ; [V. 103]
author
:
Anson, Bert.
publisher
:
University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0806131977
print isbn13
:
9780806131979
ebook isbn13
:
9780585283456
language
:
English
subject
Miami Indians--History.
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
E99.M48A5eb
ddc
:
970.3
subject
:
Miami Indians--History.
Page i
The Civilization of the American Indian Series
Page v
The Miami Indians
By Bert Anson
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS: Norman
Page vi
A PLAINS REPRINT
The University of Oklahoma Press is committed to keeping its best works in print. By utilizing digital technology, we can reprint titles for which demand is steady but too small to justify printing by conventional methods. All textual content is identical to that of previous printings. Illustration quality may vary from the originals.
International Standard Book Number: 0-8061-0901-7 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-108793
The Miami Indians is Volume 103 in The Civilization of the American Indian Series.
Copyright 1970 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Page vii
To William F. Hale and Forest D. Olds who have given able and unselfish leadership to the Miami Indians
Page ix
Preface
The student of the American frontier quickly becomes aware of the constant conflict between the Indians and the frontiersmen, which helped to shape the destinies of both. White men displaced the red, but failed to eradicate or completely assimilate them; in the process, the whites seldom tried to understand their adversaries and therefore preserved few systematic observations of the Indians. Today's historian of the frontier can sympathize with the predicament of early observers to some extent, for he, too, lacks adequate resources for understanding the Amerindian peoples.
Special areas of study have been developed to satisfy man's curiosity about his forebears. Archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, linguistics, and other disciplines have secured and analyzed much information about the first Americans. Treatises on the Indians were begun with the first observations by Europeans and definitive histories of some of the more important tribes have been written, but accounts of many other tribes remain fragmentary. Tribal history emphasizes one group of people who formed a political entity. Only in such a record does the language of the American Indians reflect their conviction and attitude that from their own tribe sprang the "true men" and all others were strangers,
Page x
that their folk heroes were giants while those of other tribes were pygmies.
The Miamis are one of that large number of tribes to whom many references have been made but for whom there is no cohesive historical account. One of the small group of tribes which comprise the Illinois division of the Algonquian linguistic family, the Miamis participated in many of the incidents involving Europeans and Indians in the Great Lakes region from 1658 to 1847. French, British, and American accounts of battles, intrigues, and travels in this region include scattered bits of information about the tribe, under its various names, but few of them are more than isolated glimpses. The Miamis, in spite of many distinctive attributes in their past, emerged as a pivotal tribe only during the French and British imperial wars, the Miami Confederacy wars of the eighteenth century, and the treaty-making period of the nineteenth century.
Although the Miami tribe has enjoyed moments of power and influence, it has also suffered bitter defeats. It has managed to preserve its identity for a century while divided into two segments and despite efforts to terminate its political existence. A resurgence of prestige and personal pride has accompanied its recent successes in the courts.
Although the name Miami has been widely adopted and is familiar to all Americans, there have been few efforts to assemble the available information about the tribe into a convenient whole. This book was undertaken to provide such a synthesis, spanning the years from the Miamis' entry into historical records to the present and emphasizing the few occasions when they played a major role in the American experience. These occurred when the Miamis lost the protection of larger surrounding tribes and faced alone the threats posed by the white man. Unfortunately, in order to accomplish this task it has been necessary at times for me to go far afieldto prepare the way, so to speak, for Miami participation in some events by first analyzing the causes of those events in some far-off place, such as London, Paris, or Washington. The history of the Miamis
Page xi
must therefore include periods in which they were passive instruments of changing forces over which they had no control.
Overemphasis can be avoided when the active and spectacular is accompanied by the passive and commonplace, when a particular incident is put into the context of contemporary historical events, which it seldom dominates. The chronicles of a people should also be placed in proper perspective with the external forces about them.
The history of an Indian tribe necessarily submerges the fascinating details of personal exploits, peculiar customs, or bizarre events, leaving the pleasures of depicting the drama of individual response to life's challenges to the historical novelist. A battle won or lost, an annuity debauch, a marriage or puberty ceremony, or those many events which are epochal in the lives of individuals may be of no significance to the tribal group. Only events, customs, and individual exploits which contributed to the continuity of the tribe can be given historical recognition. The Miamis recognized this fact when they perpetuated the memory of great men by bestowing their names upon talented young warriors who might emulate them.
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