Connor - Australian Frontier Wars, 1788-1838

John K Thornton, The Art of War in Angola, 1575 1680, in Douglas M Peers (ed.), Warfare and Empires, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot and Brookfield, Vermont, 1997, pp. 8199; Joan B Townsend, Firearms against Native Arms: A Study in Comparative Efficiencies with an Alaskan Example, Arctic Anthropology, 20(2), 1983, pp. 133.

See the authors entries on the Australian frontier wars in Joan Beaumont (ed.), Australian Defence: Sources and Statistics, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001, pp. 36972; Charles Messenger (ed.), Readers Guide to Military History, Fitzroy Dearborn, London, 2001, pp. 4041.

Joan Beaumont, The State of Australian History of War, Australian Historical Studies , 121, 2003, p. 165.

Richard Broome, The Struggle for Australia: AboriginalEuropean Warfare, 17701930, in M McKernan & M Browne (eds), Australia Two Centuries of War & Peace , Australian War Memorial in association with Allen & Unwin, Canberra, 1988, pp. 92120.

Jeffrey Grey, A Military History of Australia , Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, (rev. edn) 1999 [1990], pp. 2537; Craig Wilcox, The Culture of Restrained Force in British Australia, in Carl Bridge (ed.), Ranging Shots: New Directions in Australian Military History , Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, University of London, London, 1998, pp. 718.

As seen in the extensive literature spawned by this debate including Keith Windschuttle, The Fabrication of Aboriginal History. Volume One: Van Diemens Land 1803 1847 , Macleay Press, Sydney, 2002, and Whitewash confirms the Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Quadrant, October 2003, pp. 816; Bain Attwood & S G Foster (eds), Frontier Conflict: The Australian Experience , National Museum of Australia, Canberra, 2003; Robert Manne (ed.), Whitewash: On Keith Windschuttles Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Melbourne, Black Inc., 2003; Stuart Macintyre & Anna Clark, The History Wars , Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2004; Lyndall Ryan, Reflections by a target of a media witch hunt, History Australia: Journal of the Australian Historical Association , 1 (1), 2003, pp. 1059.

Windschuttle, Whitewash confirms Fabrication, p. 8.

Sydney Morning Herald , 13 December 2003.

Henry Reynolds, Frontier: Aborigines, Settlers and Land, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1987, p. 29; Windschuttle, Fabrication of Aboriginal History , pp. 1824; Sydney Morning Herald , 22 & 30 November 2002.

For example, Windschuttle argued that Ryan had no evidence for her claim that roving parties in Van Diemens Land killed sixty Aborigines. Ryan responded that she defined roving parties as all the different kinds of military and paramilitary forces that were sent out on the orders of the police magistrates and all these groups combined killed sixty Aborigines. This definition is wider than the usual use of the term in Tasmanian history and was not spelt out in her original text. The only mention of this book in The Fabrication of Aboriginal History was to criticise the use of Ryans statistic in an endnote referring to roving parties in the narrower sense, as they are normally understood. Windschuttle makes a fair point and I have omitted the statistic in this edition. Windschuttle, Fabrication of Aboriginal History , pp. 15253; Lyndall Ryan, Who is the Fabricator?, in Manne (ed.), Whitewash, pp. 25051.

Colin Tatz, Genocide in Australia, AIATSIS Research Discussion Paper No 8, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra, 1999; Henry Reynolds, An Indelible Stain? The Question of Genocide in Australias History, Penguin, Ringwood, Victoria, 2001, pp. 16, 30, 5051, 117; Alison Palmer, Colonial Genocide, Crawford Publishing House, Adelaide, 2000, p. 19.

For an expanded discussion of this topic, see the authors The Tasmanian Frontier and Military History, Tasmanian Historical Studies , 9, 2004, pp. 8999.

Windschuttle, Fabrication of Aboriginal History , p. 18; Daniel Baugh, The Eighteenth-Century Navy as a National Institution, in J R Hill (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy , Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 132; letters Commander Matthew Flinders RN to Sir Joseph Banks, 29 April 1801, Historical Records of New South Wales (hereafter HRNSW ) 7 vols , NSW Government Printer, Sydney, 18921901, IV: 352; Captain Philip Gidley King RN, NSW Governor, to Lieutenant John Bowen RN, Commandant Risdon Cove, 18 October 1803, Lieutenant William Moore, NSW Corps, to Captain David Collins RM, VDL Lieutenant-Governor, 7 May 1804, Historical Records of Australia. Series 3, Despatches and Papers Relating to the Settlement of the States (hereafter HRA Series 3) 6 vols, Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne, 192123, I: 204, 243.

For an image of a 12-pounder carronade being fired, see: < http://www.hms.org.uk/Pictures/pigfiring.jpg > . For further images and information about this weapon, type carronade into the search function at < http://www.hms.org.uk > accessed 23 November 2004.