Peter Turbet - First Frontier: The Occupation of the Sydney Region 1788-1816
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First Frontier: The Occupation of the Sydney Region 1788-1816: summary, description and annotation
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The arrival of the First Fleet heralded monumental and often catastrophic changes to the lives of the indigenous peoples living between the Blue Mountains and the sea. As British settlement spread out from Sydney Cove the next 28 years saw frequent flare-ups of violence as disputes over precious resources erupted and the Aborigines connection with the land was challenged. Raids on isolated farms would often be followed by a totally disproportionate reprisal from the military and settlers, but colonists and Aborigines often knew each other well and trust and friendship remained constant throughout periods of bloodshed. This book delves into the background of the people who were involved in some events, tragic and otherwise that occurred up until the end of hostilities in the Sydney Region in 1816. It examines the relationships between the two societies in those early years of the colony.
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ABBREVIATIONS
| ADB | Internet source: Australian Dictionary of Biography , Online Edition |
| HRA | Historical Records of Australia |
| HRNSW | Historical Records of New South Wales |
| JRAHS | Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society |
| LEMA | Internet source: The Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive |
| SG | Sydney Gazette |
| SRNSW COL. SEC | State Records of New South Wales. Index to the Colonial Secretarys Papers, 17881825 |
Karskens 2009, p. 459.
Banks 1962, pp. 5361; Website: South Seas Voyaging Accounts: Cooks Journal 29 April6 May 1770; HRNSW , Vol. 1, p. 97.
Hunter 1968, p. 272. The Sirius was called murri nowie .
Banksia ericifolia , Banksia integrifolia and Banksia serrata are all found in the area today.
HRNSW , Vol. 1, p. 238.
University of Cambridge, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Object Catalogue: The spears have ID nos D1914.13. In Collins vocabulary (Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 510), the words calarr and mooting are both used for fish spears. Hunters vocabulary (Hunter 1968, p. 270) describes ca-la-ra as a large fish gig with four prongs and a moo-tang as a small fiz-gig. I am assuming a mooting had three prongs.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 455; Bradley 1969, p. 132.
Turbet 2001, pp. 1822.
Ibid., pp. 5472.
Ibid., pp. 13, 37.
Ibid., pp. 11327, 14753.
Ibid., pp. 39.
Fletcher, B.H., ADB : Arthur Phillip.
HRA , Series 1, Vol. 1, pp. 1314.
Hughes 1988, pp. 801.
Tench 1996, p. 35.
HRNSW , Vol. 2, pp. 5402. I am suggesting that Lance Point was Rocky or Tom Uglys Point because King says he crossed over to a point from the south side of the bay.
My reason for suggesting the expedition travelled as far as Lugarno is that King says the party ended up twelve miles (nineteen kilometres) from where the fleet was anchored. William Bradley (Bradley 1969, p. 60) reinforces this by saying that King reached five miles (eight kilometres) up the river.
Website: NASA Eclipse; Website: Ralph Clarkjournal kept on Friendship Clark says that both 20 and 21 January were very fine days so I am assuming that the night of the 20th was clear.
White 1962, pp. 11011.
Tench 1996, pp. 4112; Fitzhardinge, L.F., ADB: Watkin Tench. I am assuming the boy was the son of a marineseventeen children of the marines came out with the fleet (White 1962, p. 7, [Introduction]).
Tench 1996, pp. 389.
Badger 1996, pp. 12836; Dunmore 1992, p. 152.
La Prouse 1994, pp. 394411; Marchant, L.R., ADB : La Prouse, Jean-Francois de Galaup [Comte de La Prouse] 17411788.
Tench 1996, p. 38; Hunter 1968, p. 200.
Tench 1996, p. 128.
Ibid. p. 62; Collins 1975, p. 13.
Phillip p. 87; Selkirk, H., La Prouse and the French Monuments at Botany Bay, JRAHS , Vol. 4, Part 7, p. 346; La Prouse 1994, Appendix III, pp. 5649, written by John Dunmore.
Selkirk, H., La Prouse and the French Monuments at Botany Bay, JRAHS , Vol. 4, Part 7, p. 347; La Prouse 1994, Appendix III, pp. 5649.
Bradley 1969, p. 85.
Website: joie de vivre!
Tench 1996, p. 61.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 1213.
Phillip, pp. 824.
White 1962, p. 118.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 13.
Tench 1996, p. 91.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 5, 47, 545. Collins refers to wild spinach. Tetragonia tetragonioides is also called New Zealand spinach. James Cook and Joseph Banks both knew it could be eaten so the First Fleeters probably knew as well (Robinson 1991, pp. 344, 389).
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 13.
Ibid., pp. 1517.
Ibid., pp. 1819. See also HRA , Series 1, Vol. 1, pp. 47, 48, 62.
White 1962, p. 132.
Tench 1996, pp. 934.
Turbet 2001, pp. 3747.
White 1962, pp. 1334; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 5, 19.
White 1962, pp. 155, 175; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 47; Tench 1996, p. 102.
White 1962, p. 132; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 24; Gray A. J., Peter Burn, JRAHS , Vol. 45, Part 2, 1959, pp. 96104.
HRA , Series 1, Vol. 1, p. 47.
White 1962, p. 142; Hunter 1968, p. 53.
Bradley 1969, p. 111; White 1962, p. 134; Hunter 1968, p. 54. I am suggesting that these two species of rushes are the possible source of thatch because they occur in extensive stands around Sydney. Typha orientalis grows in freshwater swamps and Juncus kraussi is found near estuaries (Robinson 1991, pp. 406, 432).
Bradley 1969, pp. 11112.
Phillip, pp. 11215; HRA , Series 1, Vol. 1, pp. 489.
Bradley 1969, Chart 9. My reasons for locating this creek at Cromwell Park at Malabar are Whites description of the Eora being in a valley or little bay two miles north of Botany Bay (p. 136) and Bradleys map showing Good Waterbehind Long Bay. See also Leonard, M., Recollections of Long Bay , Randwick and District Historical Society, 1987, and the Malabar file at the societys rooms. Around 1910, pipes were laid along the creek and the hollow was filled in.
Bradley 1969, p. 112.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 27.
Ibid.; Bradley 1969, p. 134; Tench 1996, p. 260.
Turbet 2001, p. 65.
Bradley 1969, p. 134.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 19; White 1962, p. 117.
HRA , Series 1, Vol. 1, pp. 667; White 1962, p. 148; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 289.
White 1962, p. 155; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 29; Robinson 1991, pp. 389, 394, 396.
White 1962, pp. 1523.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 32.
Gillen 1989, p. 171.
Website: The Botany Bay Medallion.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 34.
Ibid., p. 36.
Ibid., p. 29.
The Bigge Reports (pp. 212) state that the Carters Barracks were built on the site of the Brick Fields. Department of Lands Parish Map: St Lawrence sites these buildings in the vicinity of Central Station. See also Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 17 and James Meehans map: HRNSW , Vol. 6, p. 366.
Bradley 1969, p. 97.
Tench 1996, pp. 934.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 41.
Tench 1996, p. 94.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 40; Tench 1996, pp. 95108; Hunter 1968, pp. 923.
White 1962, p. 121.
Tench 1996, pp. 95108.
Ibid., p. 105 According to Tench Arabanoo died on 18 May and he says that for the last three or four weeks of his life, hardly any restraint was laid upon his inclinations.
Hunter 1968, p. 92.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 43.
Ibid., pp. 478; Tench 1996, pp. 1012.
Bradley 1969, Chart 7.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 534, 496, 543; Hunter 1968, p. 93; Tench 1996, pp. 1028.
Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 496.
Tench 1996, pp. 1045.
Hunter 1968, p. 93.
Ibid., p. 408.
Tench 1996, p. 193.
Murray 2003.
Mear, C., The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789, JRAHS , Vol. 94, Part 1, 2008, pp. 122.
Hunter 1968, pp. 967.
Turbet 2001, p. 3.
Tench 1996, p. 108.
Hunter 1968, pp. 109, 409.
Ibid., pp. 11314; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, pp. 667; Bradley 1969, p. 177.
Bradley 1969, pp. 17980; Hunter 1968, pp. 11314.
Bradley, 1968, pp. 1801.
Ibid., pp. 1815; Hunter 1969, pp. 11416; Collins 1975, Vol. 1, p. 71; Tench 1996, p. 117.
Collins 1975, Vol. 2, p. 48.
Smith 2001, pp. 434.
Tench 1996, p. 119.
Ibid., p. 123.
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