Long-held views on modern trade policies have been challenged by the introduction of recent theoretical developments in international economics and in measurement techniques brought about in the 1960s and 1970s. One question in particular has attracted attention and has contributed to the bringing to light of a number of heretofore ignored measurement and interpretation problems: the assessment of French and British nineteenth-century trade policies.
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Classical Trade Protectionism 18151914
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Introduction
Jean-Pierre Dormois, James Foreman-Peck and Pedro Lains
Two-hundred years after Adam Smiths and David Ricardos (as well as the other classical economists) prescription about the supposedly beneficial effects of free trade, trade policy orientation still constitutes a major bone of contention among economists, as in the public and the media. More than in any other area of human knowledge, the conviction of laymen and experts alike seems difficult to sway, grounded as it is in peoples political beliefs. These, in turn, are based on, or at least linked to, a representation and an understanding of past episodes of human history of economic history in fact. To paraphrase Keynes, intellectuals are usually the slaves of some defunct economic historian.